The present study investigated the possible difference between EFL teachers’ beliefs and their actual classroom practices. To this end, 210 Iranian EFL teachers (103 teachers from high schools and 107 from language institutes) participated in the study. The 45-item Likert-scale Beliefs About Language Learning Inventory (BALLI) developed originally by Horwitz, (1985) and validated by Kasraee Nej...

willingness to communicate and motivation can be two important affective variables to cause success in language achievement. the current study aimed to investigate the role of willingness to communicate (wtc) and second language motivational self-system (l2mss) in relation to learners’ language achieve- ment. to this end, 100 homogeneous learners both male and female aged from 16 to 20 were cho...

Action research is a small-scale intervention in the functioning of the real world to address practitioners’ own issues and carry out a close examination of the effects of such an intervention. Classroom-based research, or action research, can be the viable solution to some pandemic academic sluggishness and scientific apathy. However, the erroneous impression that research is an elite discipli...

This study attempts to add new empirical evidence on the psychological aspects of language learning. The research examined potential interactions among sustained flow, personal best, buoyancy, evaluation apprehension, and academic achievement in a single design. To this end, 376 English as foreign (EFL) students at universities private institutes participated study. conducted analyses revealed ...

A critical discourse analysis (CDA) of English language teaching (ELT) textbooks can provide a theoretical description of existing ideological effects in the texts and a means to link linguistic and social practices. This study, thus, seeks to evaluate Summit 2B (i.e., the advanced book of Top Notch series) with a focus on the representation of male and female social actors. In so doing, this s...

It is a comparative study regarding job satisfaction among librarians who are serving in public (government) and private sector universities/degree awarding institutes in Lahore. Questionnaires were used to collect data from librarians serving in ten HEC (Higher Education Commission) recognized public and private sector universities/institutes in Lahore. The eight components of job satisfaction...

this study explored the relationship between efl (english as a foreign language) teachers’ emotional intelligence (ei) and their students’ motivational attributes. additionally, it investigated the contribution of efl teachers’ ei to students’ motivational factors. to these ends, 30 efl teachers were selected through convenience sampling from language institutes in najaf-abad, and were asked to...

Private speech utilization is accepted to have a critical role in the continuum of language acquisition. As a valuable device in studying learners’ talk during interaction, a language related episode (LRE) is any part of a dialogue where a student speaks about a language problem s/he comes across while completing a task. The present study investigated the role of private speech produced by Inte...