the effect of calendula ointment in pain intensity of episiotomy among primiparous women     jahdie f [1] , eghdampour f [2] * , kheyrkhah m [3] , haggani h [4]    received : 25 april , 2011 accepted: 26 jun , 2011    abstract  background & aims: perineal pain affects mother’s quality of life. this study aimed to investigate the effects of calendula ointment on pain relief of episiotomy wounds ...

BACKGROUND Pain after vaginal delivery can interfere with the activities of daily living. We hypothesized that epidural medication administered after delivery would be of benefit for acute postpartum pain management. The objective of this study was to assess whether epidural morphine after vaginal delivery would reduce the analgesic requirements for perineal pain. METHODS This randomized, dou...

INTRODUCTION Pain experienced during labor is probably the most painful event in the lives of women. Environment itself influences a mother's experience of pain. Tension and stress resulting from pregnancy crisis and labor increase when the mother is hospitalized, which is concomitant with stressful situations and factors that affect pain perception during labor. The purpose of this study was t...

OBJECTIVE To identify factors contributing to the rapid rise of caesarean section in Shanghai through the prospective observation of changes in the preferred mode of delivery in pregnancy among primiparous Chinese women. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Two general hospitals in Shanghai. PARTICIPANTS A cohort of 832 low-risk primiparous women participated in the investigation from 2010-2...

Background: The Postpartum depression has a negative effect on the infant’s developmental and behavioral performance, mother-child relationship and mother‘s health, and its etiology is also very complicated. Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the role of maternal emotional cognitive strategies and newborn gender preference in the postpartum depression in primiparou...

OBJECTIVE To describe the use of episiotomy among Vietnamese-born women in Australia, including risk factors for, and pregnancy outcomes associated with, episiotomy. METHODS This population-based, retrospective cohort study included data on 598 305 singleton, term (i.e. ≥ 37 weeks' gestation) and vertex-presenting vaginal births between 2001 and 2010. Data were obtained from linked, validated...

complications and related factors in epithelial zyatvmy primiparous referred to hospitals in tehran: a longitudinal study for three months k khajvy shojaei , a dvaty , f zayeri received: abstract background & aims: episiotomy is one of the most commonly performed procedures in obstetrics approximately 33%of women giving vaginally in 2000 had an episiotomy, but the best technique of episiotomy a...

Patients with postpartum breast cancer have been reported to have a poor prognosis. The present study aimed to evaluate the pregnancy-related risk factors of postpartum breast cancer in Korea. We collected patient data from the Korea National Health Insurance (KNHI) Claims Database of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) for the 2009-2013 period. We evaluated the pregnancy-...

OBJECTIVE To determine if there is evidence of levator ani atrophy in primiparous women. METHODS This was a prospective observational cohort study of 202 primiparous women recruited between November 2006 and March 2008. Translabial ultrasound volumes were obtained at 36-38 weeks' gestation and at a mean of 4.5 months postpartum. Peripartum changes in bladder neck elevation and reduction of an...