introduction: the sexual maturity is a major factor of fertility and reproduction activity. since no information was availabe about microscopic developement of seminiferous tubules structure including spermatogenic cells, sertoli, pgc (primordial germ cell) and laydig cells, the present detailed study on buffalo testis was undertaken. materials and methods: the present study was made on 30 buff...

an energy based damage index based on a new nonlinear finite element (fe) approach applicable to rc structures subjected to cyclic, earthquake or monotonic loading is proposed. the proposed method is based on the evaluation of nonlinear local degradation of materials and taking into account of the pseudo-plastic hinge produced in the critical sections of the structure. a computer program is dev...