B 2005, VACCINATION of adolescents typically focused on catching up with vaccines that they had not received by school age, most commonly, the second dose of the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine, the complete hepatitis B vaccine series, and a dose of varicella vaccine if needed. With the exception of the booster dose of tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (Td), recommended for administration at a healt...

BACKGROUND A series of state-level statute changes have allowed pharmacists to provide influenza vaccinations in community pharmacies. The study aim was to estimate the effects of pharmacy-based immunization statutes changes on per capita influenza vaccine prescriptions, adult vaccination rates, and the utilization of other preventive health services. METHODS A quasi-experimental study that c...

The challenges faced in delivering lifesaving vaccines to the targeted beneficiaries need to be addressed from the existing knowledge and learning from the past. This review documents the history of vaccines and vaccination in India with an objective to derive lessons for policy direction to expand the benefits of vaccination in the country. A brief historical perspective on smallpox disease an...

OBJECTIVE To model the effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and HIV vaccines on HIV transmission using empirical data from studies in Rakai, Uganda. DESIGN A stochastic simulation model estimated HIV incidence, probabilities of transmission per coital act and the reproductive number (R0) with ART and HIV vaccines. Model inputs included Rakai data on HIV transmission probabilities per coita...

During the past two decades of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, several recruitment campaigns were designed to generate community involvement in preventive HIV vaccine clinical trials. These efforts utilized a blend of advertising and marketing strategies mixed with public relations and community education approaches to attract potential study participants to clinical trials (integrated marketing communi...

Vaccination is one of the most effective preventive measures to combat influenza. Prospectively, cell culture-based influenza vaccines play an important role for robust vaccine production in both normal settings and urgent situations, such as during the 2009 pandemic. African green monkey Vero cells are recommended by the World Health Organization as a safe substrate for influenza vaccine produ...

Report of covid-19 Center for Disease Control (CDC) in16 March showed that 31% the 4,226 confirmed COVID-19 cases were people aged ≥ 65 years. The susceptibility elderly individuals to several diseases is due decreased immunity. Therefore, vaccination an important step take. This article aims determine management in elderly. Based on results analysis, it can be concluded a preventive strategy i...

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a vaccine used to prevent tuberculosis. It made from live, attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis . When injected into the human body, it causes mild infection that produces immunity tuberculosis bacterium. The BCG primarily as preventive measure against in children, and generates special resistance disease. To honor its inventors, French scientists Ca...

Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is the most important health issue in beef feeder calves. Our study was a randomized, blinded field trial to evaluate potential differences in health, production and behavior in feeder calves administered two different preventive health programs. Calves in two replicates (n=308 and n=305) were allocated to pens and then pens were randomly assigned a pre...