this paper investigates the nature of absolutive case and the syntactic mechanisms underlying its licensing. to this end, two recent minimalist approaches to the syntactic derivation of ergative structure will be introduced. drawing on evidence from the syntactic derivation of clauses with intransitive complex predicates in kurdish, it will be established that the absolutive case is checked by ...

the category of verb as the nucleus of sentence has a significant importance in grammar. this grammatical category has specific semantic and syntactic characteristics in different languages. in role and reference grammar as a functional grammar, predicates are classified into five classes including states, activities, achievements, accomplishments and active-accomplishments. these five classes ...

A new type of optimization, called predicate move-around, ia introduced. It is shown how this optimization ‘considerably improvea the efficiency of evaluating SQL queries that have query graphs with a large number of query blocks (which ie a typical situation when queries are defined in terms of multiple views and subqueries). Predicate move-around works by moving predicates across query blocks...