In collaborative environments where resources must be shared across multiple sites, the access control policies of the participants must be combined in order to define a coherent policy. The relevant challenge in composing access policies is to deal with inconsistencies or modality conflicts. This difficulty exacerbates when the policies to compose are specified independently by different entit...

Real decisions for real children are influenced by the papers developmentalists write, regardless of whether we ever intended our papers to be used in the policy arena. Yet most social scientists seldom analyze data in ways that are most useful to policymakers. The primary purpose of this paper is to share three ideas concerning how to evaluate the practical importance of a finding or set of fi...

The selection of a fenestration system for a building is critical, as it impacts energy performance, occupant comfort, and ambiance of a space. Complex Fenestration Systems (CFS) address these criteria using a wide variety of novel technologies but are difficult to define or be characterized. Existing metrics for fenestration systems are unable to reveal the dynamics or degree of variety over c...

The development of activity-based models as a tool to analyse travel behaviour and forecast transport demand has been motivated by the growing complexity in activity patterns resulting from socio-economic changes, growing congestion, and negative externalities, as well as the need to estimate changes in travel behaviour in response to innovative policies designed to achieve sustainability. This...

The work of science teachers can be viewed from a variety of perspectives. In this article, teaching is seen as an activity in which teachers deliberate in the practical domain to decide on actions and goals. In the first part of the article, it is argued that, because practical reasoning is similar to scientific reasoning, a model of practical conceptual change can be developed that is analogo...

The role of principles in shaping the development of public policy has garnered increasing attention. The authors explore the role of underlying principles in the development of a Canadian National Pharmaceuticals Strategy (NPS), an area in which practical policy development has been disappointing. In analyzing proposed principles for a NPS identified in government documents and by a set of maj...

in this paper, i attempt to bring together approaches to literacy in theory and in practice, drawing upon various activities i have been involved in over the years–research in iranian villages during the 1970s; linking research and theory to literacy policy, with particular reference to a contribution to the unesco global monitoring report in 2004 and involvement in an ongoing adult literacy tr...