Prorenin is an inactive form of the aspartic protease renin. Like pepsinogen, it is activated at low pH. The kinetics of acid activation of prorenin were studied in human amniotic fluid and plasma and in preparations of purified prorenin isolated from amniotic fluid and plasma. Conversion of prorenin (pR) into active renin (R) appeared to be a two-step process involving the generation of an int...

It is well–known (due to C. Parsons) that the extension of primitive recursive arithmetic PRA by first–order predicate logic and the rule of Π02–induction Π02–IR is Π 0 2–conservative over PRA. We show that this is no longer true in the presence of function quantifiers and quantifier–free choice for numbers AC– qf. More precisely we show that T :=PRA + Π02–IR+AC –qf proves the totality of the A...

of Tropical Medicine, the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for the Diagnosis and Surveillance of Mycobacterium ulcerans Infection by IS2404 PCR and biochemical tests (online Table, available from http:www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/ vol11no11/05-0234.htm#table). DNA extracted from cultures by 3 freeze-boiling cycles was used for amplification, according to the protocol described by Leao e...

Objectives Protosappanin A (PrA) is an effective and major ingredient of Caesalpinia sappan L. The current study was aimed to explore the effect of PrA on atherosclerosis (AS). Materials and Methods Firstly, the experimental model of AS was established in rabbits by two-month feeding of high fat diet. Then, the rabbits were randomly divided into five groups and treated with continuous high li...

This research examines the conduct and consequences of the use of participatory rural appraisal techniques in four rural development projects in The Gambia. The research included a review of literature on PRA and the identification of a series of key themes that would allow an assessment of its utility. Fieldwork in The Gambia included reviews of project documentation, key informant interviews,...

1. A gene-drug interaction has been indicated between β₁-adrenoceptor-selective beta-blockers and the Arg389Gly polymorphism (rs1801253) in the adrenergic beta-1 receptor gene (ADRB1). In the present study, we investigated the effect of the ADRB1 Arg389Gly polymorphism on plasma renin activity (PRA) and heart rate (HR), as well as genotype-dependent responses to metoprolol and exercise. 2. Twen...

The ovarian hormone progesterone is essential for normal breast development and function. However, it is also implicated in breast cancer development. Progesterone signals through two nuclear receptors [progesterone receptor A (PRA) and progesterone receptor B (PRB)], which display striking differences in transcriptional activity when analyzed separately. The two species are coexpressed equally...

Protosappanin A (PrA), an immunosuppressive ingredient of the medicinal herb Caesalpinia sappan L, prolongs heart allograft survival in rats, possibly by impairing the function of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). We examined the effects of PrA on the maturation and function of dendritic cells (DCs), a potent class of APCs, and the downstream cell-cell and intracellular signaling pathways mediat...

PURPOSE To determine which are the most sensitive tests, together with accommodative amplitude, to classify accommodative insufficiency (Al), we analyzed the relation between monocular estimated method (MEM) dynamic retinoscopy, monocular and binocular accommodative facility (MAF, BAF), and positive relative accommodation (PRA) with or without the presence of reduced amplitude of accommodation....

Theoretical and numerical analyses of waveguide branches in a photonic crystal are presented. Conditions for perfect transmission and zero reflection are discussed. Based upon these conditions, numerical simulations of electromagnetic-wave propagation in photonic crystals are performed to identify structures with near-complete transmission. © 2001 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 130.1750...