rivers and streams are one of the most important water resources. rivers water quality depends on various conditions such as hydrological, physicochemical and biological processes.water resources have significant impact on social, economical and political developments. the zyarat watershed which is the main source of surface water to supply water for city of gorgan and surrounding areas has bee...

Over a Period of three months (summer), 108 samples of water collected from four hospitals in Tehran. They were taken from numerous potable and non-potable water, including main supply cisterns, calorifiers, hot and cold tap water, shower, cooling tower and drain of air condition system. Culturing of concentrated and non-concentrated water samples on Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract (BCYE) Agar ...

T he City of Clearwater (City) owns and operates the reverse osmosis (RO) water treatment plant No. 1 (plant) that was originally constructed in 2003. Similar to many brackish water RO facilities, the City blends pretreated raw water with RO permeate to maximize production while minimizing operational costs. In the case of this plant, the City blends 1 mil gal per day (mgd) of pretreated blend ...

The incidence of dental fluorosis in Sudan ranges from 4.5–100% depending on the fluoride level in potable water. The present study was designed to determine the maximum safe level for fluoride in potable water under the conditions currently prevailing in the affected areas using the Galagan and Vermillion equation which permits the calculation of the upper permissible fluoride level as a funct...

Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in nursing home patients. In acute care hospitals, there is considerable evidence to indicate that Legionnaires' disease is a significant cause of nosocomial pneumonia, the source of which is the potable water system. A relatively limited amount of data exists as to the role of Legionnaires' disease as a cause of pneumonia acquired in long...

BACKGROUND Research has shown that the absence of electricity and potable water usually result in negative effects on one's health and is more likely to affect women than men. AIM To determine the extent to which alternate electrification and limited potable water, impacts on health. MATERIALS AND METHOD This study is informed by primary and secondary data, representing a sample size of 150...

According to Dahl (2014), water shortages in parts of the United States are so dire that attitudes toward wastewater reuse, including direct injection into drinking water, are becoming more favorable. He noted 12 locations nationwide that directly or in directly blend highly treated wastewater with potable supplies, with more projects planned. California’s ongoing crisis-level drought has convi...