In this paper we argue that two important causes of welfare losses in oligopolistic markets have been neglected. We show that in models where location is endogenous, welfare losses arising from wrong locations or from lack of market coverage may be substantial despite firms competing in prices. In contrast, welfare losses arising from quality choice are modest but they might vary discontinuousl...

In this paper, we present the design and techniques of GiPSiNet, an open source/open architecture network middleware being developed for surgical simulations. GiPSiNet extends GiPSi (General Interactive Physical Simulation Interface), our framework for developing organ level surgical simulations, to network environments. This network extension is non-trivial, since the network settings pose sev...

This paper examines the potential welfare effects of storage under different market structures. This includes combinations of perfectly competitive and strategic generation and storage sectors, and standalone and generator-owned storage. We demonstrate that if the generation sector is perfectly competitive and does not own storage, then storage cannot be welfare-diminishing. Otherwise, generato...

Distributed surgical virtual environments are desirable since they substantially extend the accessibility of computational resources by network communication. However, network conditions critically affects the quality of a networked surgical simulation in terms of bandwidth limit, delays, and packet losses, etc. A solution to this problem is to introduce a middleware between the simulation appl...

BACKGROUND Preventive measures need to be implemented to lower the incidence of osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporotic fractures increase morbidity and mortality as well as impose a socioeconomic burden; however, current research is limited to the administration rates of osteoporosis drugs for Korean postmenopausal females. METHODS This study represents a nationwide, observational, and cross-se...

Aims and objectives: To compare the accuracy of prediction of osteoporosis in digital panoramic radiography with Dual Xray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans and serum investigations such, as calcium, phosphorous, alkaline phosphatase in postmenopausal women. The objective of the study is to detect the appearance of eroded mandibular cortex (cortical shape), inferior cortical width appearance on Digit...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The osteoporosis is becoming public health problem in India and neighboring Asian countries. As the environmental risk factors for osteoporosis in women are similar in these countries, the study was planned to compare risk factors for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in Asian countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature search was done in August 2015. ...

Background: Osteoporosis is one of the uncomfortable postmenopausal symptoms. The risk of imbalanced nutrition especially traces elements and vitamins are high during post menopause and may lead to osteoporosis due to reduction of content of mineral bone. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential consequence of Selenium (Se) treatment in ovariectomized rat model with osteoporosis i...

Most medical treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis are inhibitors of bone resorption and urinary deoxypyridinoline (D-Pyr) has been shown to be a reliable indicator of bone resorption. Fifty-one healthy women were divided into four groups. Group A: premenopausal women (n = 10), Group B: postmenopausal women, no osteoporosis, not on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) (n = 14), Group C: postmen...