to serve as a reference point for this study. All tissue samples were weighed and sub-sampled for glycogen analysis. Liver glycogen (3.1 mg/g liver or 2.8 mg total) and breast glycogen (2.3 mg/g, 3.7 mg total) were 2 and 1.2 times higher, respectively, in the winter than in the summer (P<0.0001). Only during the winter did hatch time affect glycogen status. Total glycogen levels in liver and br...

Matthiessen's ratio (distance from centre of lens to retina:lens radius) was measured in developing black bream, Acanthopagrus butcheri (Sparidae, Teleostei). The value decreased over the first 10 days post-hatch from 3.6 to 2.3 along the nasal and from four to 2.6 along temporal axis. Coincidentally, there was a decrease in the focal ratio of the lens (focal length:lens radius). Morphologicall...

a 3 × 3 factorial experiment with three levels of fennel extract (fe) (0, 50, and 100 mg/kg of diet) and three levels of added vitamin d3 (vit d3) (0, 3500 and 4200 iu/kg of diet), was carried out to evaluate reproductive performanceand immune response of post molted broiler breeders(76-84 weeks).broiler breeders were weighed at 10 week after molting (74 weeks) then randomly distributed into 36...

introduction: many birds do not have access to feed until 48 h after hatching (27). in ovo injection technology is a practical means for safe introduction of nutrients into developing embryos, including amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, l-carnitine, and hormones which may benefit post-hatch growth and bw gain (19, 36). the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of in ovo inject...

Sir,—I refer to the recent review by Phillips, Daborn and Hatch [1]. Between 1991 and 1993 the Department of Anaesthetics in Newcastle examined the problem of preoperative fasting intervals for children presenting for routine surgery. An initial audit revealed that many children were undergoing prolonged fasts before anaesthesia. After reviewing the literature [2], 8 clear fluid fast of 2 h was...