Abstract We investigated L1 and L2 frequency effects in the sharing of syntax across languages (reflected cross-linguistic structural priming) using an artificial language (AL) paradigm. Ninety-six Dutch speakers learned AL with either a prepositional-object (PO) dative bias (PO datives appeared three times as often double-object [DO] datives) or DO (DOs POs). Priming was assessed from to (a st...

We investigate how the granularity of POS tags influences POS tagging, and furthermore, how POS tagging performance relates to parsing results. For this, we use the standard “pipeline” approach, in which a parser builds its output on previously tagged input. The experiments are performed on two German treebanks, using three POS tagsets of different granularity, and six different POS taggers, to...

BACKGROUND Broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) is an invasive bedside procedure to define type and concentration of pathologic organisms causing ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP). We evaluated if the absence of pathogens on final results represented a lavage aspect of the BAL as a therapeutic procedure to eliminate organisms. METHODS BAL results collected from 2008 to 2009 were stratified as po...

interpretation: computing on properties readInt(x) if x>0 : x:= pred(x) x:= succ(x) writeInt(x) Q: Is output pos? A: abstractly interpret domain Int by Sign = {neg , zero, pos , any }: readSign(x) if isPos(x): x:= pred(x) x:= succ(x) writeSign(x) where succ(pos) = pos succ(zero) = pos succ(neg) = any succ(any) = any and pred(neg) = neg pred(zero) = neg pred(pos) = any pred(any) = any Calculate ...

This study uses focus group data to document consumer perceptions of powerwall and other point-of-sale (POS) tobacco displays, and support for a ban on tobacco displays. Four focus groups were conducted in 2012 by a trained moderator. The study comprised 34 adult residents of New York State, approximately half with children under age 18 years living at home. Measures used in the study were awar...

AIM To evaluate retailer's compliance and consumer's perceptions of and experiences with the point-of-sale (POS) tobacco display ban in Norway, implemented 1 January 2010. METHODS Retailer compliance was measured using audit surveys. Consumer's perceptions of the ban were assessed in three web surveys: one conducted before and two after implementation of the ban. The sample for each of these ...

This study explores whether exposure to advertisements that focus on the negative effects of tobacco industry advertising and promotion at the point of sale (anti-POS advertising) influence: (i) attitude toward POS advertising; (ii) perceived impact of POS advertising on youth smoking; and (iii) support for a ban on tobacco promotion at the POS among adult non-smokers in New York. Data are from...

Public open space (POS) confers numerous physical and mental health benefits to people throughout life. The study applies POI other multi-dimensional methods examine the intergenerational equity of POS within a 15-min living circle old communities in high-density cities. Firstly, an evaluation system for comprehensive supply level community is constructed from perspective quantity, quality, spa...

PURPOSE Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is accompanied by increased complement activation, and by lipofuscin accumulation in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells due to incomplete degradation of photoreceptor outer segments (POS). The influence of POS, ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated POS and human complement sera (HCS) on cytokine secretion from RPE cells was therefore examined. METHODS ...

The present-day architecture of the present era represents the emergence of ethical issues arisingfrom the ideas of the " Modern individual-oriented" and "Pos tmodern being oriented", such as the consideration of personal interes ts and the reduction of human relations. Therefore, the exis tence of such shortcomings requires the identification of an architecture that considers the individ...