Background and Objective: Population groups are not the same in terms of vulnerabilities in respect of natural hazards occurrence, and women, children and the elderly persons, are more vulnerable than other populations. Gender can also affect the vulnerabilities so that experiences from past disasters have shown that women and girls are more vulnerable to men and boys. On the other hand, women ...

the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of implicit focus on form through input flooding and the effect of noticing, explicit focus on form on linguistic accuracy. to fulfill the purpose of the study, 86 iranian pre-intermediate efl learners of one of the language institutes were chosen by means of administering ket as the homogeneity test. these learners were pretested throug...