Social behavior of the prairie vole, Microtus ochrogaster, including monogamy, mate guarding, philopatry, communal nesting, and territoriality, evolved as an adaptation to habitats with low food prevalent in the original range of the species. These behaviors are associated with low population densities and low amplitudes of fluctuation characteristic of low food habitats. In particular, reprodu...

The paper examines an R&D model with uncertainty from the population growth, which is a stochastic cooperative Lotka-Volterra system, and obtains a sufficiently condition for the existence of the globally positive solution. The long-run growth rate of the economic system is ultimately bounded in mean and fluctuation of its growth will not be faster than the polynomial growth. When uncertainty o...

The one-dimensional polynuclear growth model with external sources at edges is studied. The height fluctuation at the origin is known to be given by either the Gaussian, the GUE Tracy-Widom distribution, or certain distributions called GOE2 and F0, depending on the strength of the sources. We generalize these results and show that the scaling limit of the multi-point equal time height fluctuati...

Species evolution is essentially a random process of interaction between biological populations and their environments. As a result, some physical parameters in evolution models are subject to statistical fluctuations. In this paper, two important parameters in the Eigen model, the fitness and mutation rate, are treated as Gaussian distributed random variables simultaneously to examine the prop...

We shall examine the impact of Charles S. Elton's 1924 article on periodic fluctuations in animal populations on the development of modern population ecology. We argue that his impact has been substantial and that during the past 75 years of research on multi-annual periodic fluctuations in numbers of voles, lemmings, hares, lynx and game animals he has contributed much to the contemporary unde...