Polyploid cells, which contain more than two genome copies, occur throughout nature. Beyond well-established roles in increasing cell size/metabolic output, polyploidy can also promote nonuniform genome, transcriptome, and metabolome alterations. Polyploidy also frequently confers resistance to environmental stresses not tolerated by diploid cells. Recent progress has begun to unravel how this ...

Polyploidy can have a huge impact on the evolution of species, and it is a common occurrence, especially in plants. The two types of polyploids-autopolyploids and allopolyploids-differ in the level of divergence between the genes that are brought together in the new polyploid lineage. Because allopolyploids are formed via hybridization, the homoeologous copies of genes within them are at least ...

Propranolol (PL), a non-selective beta-blocker, is a cardiovascular drug widely used to treat hypertension. The present study was concerned with assessing the cytogenetic effects of this drug on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line. MTT assay was then carried out to determine the cytotoxicity index (IC50) of the drug. The IC50 value of PL was 0.43±0.02 mM. To investigate the clastogenic effect...

OBJECTIVES IARC has classified one type of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), MWNT-7, as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B); however, other types of MWCNT were categorized as not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3). In vitro chromosomal aberration assays of MWNT-7 showed polyploid formation but not structural abnormalities. This study investigated the influ...

It is not quite clear at present whether or not polyploidy could be used to increase the productivity of sugar beets (1, 3, 5) . However, triploids which show heterosis have been developed (2, 3) . Polyploidy increases the size of fruits and germs. This property, which counts for little in multigerm beets, can prove very useful in monogerm beets (4) . To gain the advantages of polyploidy, it is...

A great many cell types are necessary for the myriad capabilities of complex, multicellular organisms. One interesting aspect of this diversity of cell type is that many cells in diploid organisms are polyploid. This is called endopolyploidy and arises from cell cycles that are often characterized as "variant," but in fact are widespread throughout nature. Endopolyploidy is essential for normal...

The average desoxypentosenucleic acid content of individual nuclei was determined for various normal and tumor tissues, and for livers showing precancerous changes, in the rat. With certain exceptions attributable to polyploidy, the values were practically indistinguishable from each other and from values reported for cell nuclei of other mammals. The amount of this nucleic acid in diploid cell...

Miller and Venable (1) claimed that polyploidy is a “trigger of unrecognized importance” for the evolution of gender dimorphism, an idea originally proposed by Jennings (2) and Baker (3). In our opinion, their phylogenetic analysis of North American Lycium (Solanaceae) does not support the claimed associations between polyploidy, self-fertility, and gender dimorphism. There is no support (boots...