Citation: Vethaak AD, Baggelaar PK, van Lieverloo JHM and Ariese F (2016) Decadal Trends in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Contamination Assessed by 1-Hydroxypyrene in Fish Bile Fluid in the Netherlands: Declining in Marine Waters but Still a Concern in Estuaries. Front. Mar. Sci. 3:215. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2016.00215 Decadal Trends in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Contamination A...

The photodynamic effect of polycyclic hydrocarbons was studied in Neurospora crassa and tissue culture cells of the Chinese hamster. The polycyclic hydrocarbons were dissolved in dimethylformamide and added to the treatment solution or medium. Other solvents, such as dimethyl sulfoxide and bovine serum, quenched the photodynamic effect of 3,4-benzpyrene and could not be used. Conidia from a dik...

The algorithmic construction of formula periodic tables for polycyclic conjugated hydrocarbons is detailed. The symmetries associated with this construction are identified. The formula periodic table for benzenoids (Table PAH6) exhibits a one-to-one mapping onto the formula periodic table for fluorenoids/fluoranthenoids minus the constant-isomer fluorenoid/fluoranthenoid formulas and the formul...

In this paper we study the conjugacy problem in polycyclic groups. Our main result is that we create polycyclic groups Gn whose conjugacy problem is at least as hard as the subset sum problem with n indeterminates. As such, the conjugacy problem over the groups Gn is NP-complete where the parameters of the problem are taken in terms of n and the length of the elements given on input.

A generic approach to the regiospecific synthesis of halogenated polycyclic aromatics is made possible by the one- or two-directional benzannulation reactions of readily available (ortho-allylaryl)trichloroacetates (the "BHQ" reaction). Palladium-catalysed cross-coupling reactions of the so-formed haloaromatics enable the synthesis of functionalised polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with ...

Hydrocarbons Hannah Zane Abstract: New three-dimensional polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were synthesized using a zirconium mediated biphenylation reaction. Three-dimensional PAHs exhibit better solubility than their two-dimensional counterparts, as well as allowing for more applications based on their more complex structure. Introduction: Our research focuses on the synthesis of new and inter...

It has been asserted that any (full) order on a torsion-free, finitely generated, nilpotent group is defined by some F-basis of G and that the group of o-automorphisms of such a group is itself a group of the same kind: Examples provided herein demonstrate that both of these assertions are false; however, it is proved that the group of o-automorphisms of an ordered, polycyclic group is nilpoten...

A cluster of cycles (or (r; q)-polycycle) is a simple planar 2{connected nite or countable graph G of girth r and maximal vertex-degree q, which admits an (r; q)-polycyclic realization P(G) on the plane. An (r; q)-polycyclic realization is determined by the following properties: (i) all interior vertices are of degree q, (ii) all interior faces (denote their number by p r) are combinatorial r-g...

We give a simpler proof using automata theory of a recent result of Kapovich, Weidmann and Myasnikov according to which socalled benign graphs of groups preserve decidability of the generalized word problem. These include graphs of groups in which edge groups are polycyclic-by-finite and vertex groups are either locally quasiconvex hyperbolic or polycyclic-by-finite and so in particular chordal...