Automated testing of spoken language is the subject of much current research. Elicited Imitation (EI), or sentence repetition, is well suited for automated scoring, but does not directly test a broad range of speech communication skills. An Oral Proficiency Interview (OPI) tests a broad range of skills, but is not as well suited for automated scoring. Some have suggested that EI can be used as ...

long-term application of fertilizers containing p, especially organic fertilizers, usually increases the water soluble and available p of soil and at the same time may result in p accumulation in soil. organic fertilizers may also increase movement of p in the soil profile that could result in surface and ground water pollution. an experiment was conducted on field plots that received three app...

The study investigates water quality pollution impacts on urbanization by analyzing temporal and spatial characteristics of different water quality parameters, and simulating economic loss of water quality pollution in Xi’an, China from 1996 to 2003. Results show that organic pollutants were the greatest contributors of surface water quality pollution from 1996 to 2003. High values existed in p...

One of the problems aquatic environment is organic pollution which can disturb balance ecosystem. The study was conducted to analyze based on protozoa saprobity index and some environmental parameters that affect protozoan population in waters Bojonegara Banten Bay. Descriptive method with survey techniques used this study, consisting 3 observation stations determined presence different industr...

Assessment of water quality was conducted from June to December, 2011 in five stations along the stretch of the Benin River between Ajimele and Koko town in attempt to assess and determine the source of anthropogenic activities affecting the river. Twentyfour parameters have been monitored on 5 sampling stations on a monthly-day-trip. Inter station comparisons and locations of significant diffe...

introduction: among the environmental pollutions, noise is very important for its physiological  and psychological effects on human. traffic noise is one of the most important pollutants and the  hospitals  are  one  of  the  critical  places  regarding  this  type  of  noise.  for  these  reasons,  in  the  summer  of  1382,  the  traffic  noise  of  mashhad  main  streets  around  the  hospit...

abstract by increasing the world population and more need to supply food, farmers attend to use of chemical fertilizers, organic manures and pesticides. also, applications of these agents without attention to their side effects, cause more problems to human health and environment. nitrate is one of the most important elements of organic manures, which leach through soil to surface and ground wa...