women’s political representation has been for decades ahead of women’s rights movement. however, women presence in politics is not only limited to women political participation but their position in party politics as well. this paper aims to analyze the role of parties in empowering women at the uk parliament and tries to contribute towards the existing literature through presenting an interdis...

Political corruption is a type of market failure. One area of public policy where corruption is relatively common is the contracting out of public services. Private firms can improve their chances of obtaining contracts by bribing politicians or public servants and funding political parties. In the same vein, firms can gain access to policy makers by hiring influential former politicians –a pra...

Background. Michigan is 1 of only 4 states that require a physician referral or prescription before a consumer can receive treatment from a physical therapist.Objective. The purpose of the present analysis was to examine why the most recent attempts to pass direct access legislation in Michigan failed.Methods. The Policy Analysis Triangle approach, which considers the relevant actors, processes...

Political text scaling aims to linearly order parties and politicians across political dimensions (e.g., left-to-right ideology) based on textual content (e.g., politician speeches or party manifestos). Existing models scale texts based on relative word usage and cannot be used for cross-lingual analyses. Additionally, there is little quantitative evidence that the output of these models correl...

It is a piece of idle senthentality that truth, merely as truth, has any inherent power denied to error, or prevailing against the dungeon and the stake. Men are not more zealous for truth than they often are for error, and a sufficient application oflegal or even of social penalties will generally succeed in stopping the propagation of either. The real advantage which truth has, consists in th...

This paper develops a theory of the interaction between appropriative conflict and economic growth. Appropriative conflict, as measured by the diversion of resources, is viewed as the cost of securing effective property rights. We identify conditions under which conflict rises or falls as the rate of economic growth improves. The main implication of the analysis is that if the quality of proper...

Let a smooth family of Riemannian metrics g(τ) satisfy the backwards Ricci flow equation on a compact oriented n-dimensional manifold M . Suppose two families of normalized n-forms ω(τ) ≥ 0 and ω̃(τ) ≥ 0 satisfy the forwards (in τ) heat equation on M generated by the connection Laplacian ∆g(τ). If these n-forms represent two evolving distributions of particles over M , the minimum root-mean-squa...

After an election, when party positions and strengths are known, there may be a centrally located large party at the core position. Theory suggests that such a core party is able to form a minority government and control policy. In the absence of a core party, theory suggests that the outcome be a lottery associated with coalition risk. Stochastic models of elections typically indicate that all...

Mounting evidence suggests political attitudes connect to broad, dispositional, perhaps biological temperaments. We add to these empirical results by reporting a correlation between certain political attitudes and physiological reactions to disgusting stimuli such as human excrement and worms being eaten. Specifically, we find that individuals whose skin conductance levels increase when viewing...

Along with China’s economic development since the reform and opening up, political participation of Chinese citizens has increased a great deal in a variety of forms. Elections are becoming increasingly formal and substantial and the number of petitions is getting larger and larger, which are institutionalized forms of political participation. In the forms of non-institutionalized political par...