Abstract Science is driven by methodology. In this article, I will show that political science, like all other social sciences, can draw on three fundamentally different methodological traditions. The first a descriptive tradition to generate knowledge describe phenomena and interpret symbols (text, image, audio video). second an explanatory-prognostic explanatory prognostic explain predict eve...

the present article intends to start introduction to the political thinking of          machiavelli by passing through some key concepts in his thinking, and by placing his idea in the area of political thinking. surveying ethics in machiavelli’s political thinking needs     separate individual ethics from political (civil) one.  and explaining machiavelli’s remarks about the category of ethics...

purpose: this research aimed to survey the professional and non-professional information needs of the faculty members of ferdowsi university of mashhad. methodology: out of 664 faculty members in ferdowsi university of mashhad in the academic year of 2010-2011, 242 faculty members were selected by using stratified random sampling method. the data were collected by a researcher made questionnair...

One of the aims of spatial political management is to increase access to social and economic services to all residents in an area in order to enhance their satisfaction. There is a great space in the action that has a broad scope.  If the spatial political organization implemented in a country is unable to organize such services in a condensed manner, it will face reduced efficiency and la...

International relations urgently needs theoretical development that takes into the account the power of non-state actors, in particular business. The present paper aims to prepare the ground for such theoretical development by analyzing the political power of business along three dimensions: its instrumental, structural, and discursive power. The paper discusses the extent to which business' po...

This paper describes to what extent a more or less collective feeling of urgency to reform the Dutch housing market is addressed in the political arena. By doing that, it sheds some light on the effectiveness and influence of academic research and recommendations on the political decision making process. We conclude that the suggestion of several advisory bodies to start a serious reform of the...

Previous work on the epistemology of fact-checking indicated the dilemma between the needs of binary answers for the public and ambiguity of political discussion. Determining concepts represented by terms in political discourse can be considered as a Word-Sense Disambiguation (WSD) task. The analysis of political discourse, however, requires identifying precise concepts of terms from relatively...

This paper describes to what extent a more or less collective feeling of urgency to reform the Dutch housing market is addressed in the political arena. By doing that, it sheds some light on the effectiveness and influence of academic research and recommendations on the political decision making process. We conclude that the suggestion of several advisory bodies to start a serious reform of the...