Over the past months the French media reported extensively about the "Nouvelle Droite" ("New Right") and "National Bolshevism" ideology becoming a major force in post -1991 Russia. Intense concern about a Russian variety of neo-fascism is also expressed elsewhere. Probably the most extensive study on that subject is Walter Laqueur's 1993 book, The Rise of Russian Fascism. Certainly Nouvelle Dro...

This paper discusses the political economy behind the principal trade policy decisions in Russia since independence. I discuss why export restraints were widely employed in the early transition years and why the export quotas proved more difficult to remove than anticipated. Why it was so difficult to resolve the monetary basis for the collapse in trade among the newly independent states. Why t...

europeans were the major actors of the world political scene in the 19th century. france sought to defeat its rivals in napaleanic era but the unification of other european powers lead to the defeat of france and the establishment of germany through the changes in the political map of europe. the german strategists, through entering international interactions challenged the other political play...

Many scholars argue that the political regime in contemporary Russia exemplifies the global phenomenon of electoral authoritarianism. But, what are the major features of such a regime in the case of Russia? Why and how did it proceed through a life cycle of emergence, development, and decay? And how might it evolve in the foreseeable future? This article seeks answers to these questions. B the ...

How do media affect voting behavior? What difference can an independent media outlet make in a country with state-controlled media? Our paper addresses these questions by comparing electoral outcomes and votes reported by survey respondents during the 1999 parliamentary elections in Russia for those geographical areas that had access and those that had no access to the only national TV channel ...