East Germany’s unemployment rate still doubles that of West Germany and for the last decade its economic growth has been below that of other transition countries. Policy makers often point to the lack of entrepreneurship as one of East Germany’s main problems. This paper addresses the question of how East Germany’s integration into an established economy, West Germany, may have hindered a fruit...

This paper describes New Ventures, a new initiative at Sandia National Laboratories that encourages the creation of new businesses based on laboratory technology as a timely, eficient means of technology transfer Sandia’s New Ventures program has shown that a dedicated effort can produce significant results. In the three years prior to this program’s launch, just two ventures per year on averag...

Purpose: This paper explores some of the barriers faced by UK entrepreneurs in raising bank finance to support and grow their businesses, specifically the impact of personal characteristics (ethnicity, gender and education). Methodology/Approach: The approach adopted for the research was a telephone survey of 400 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) conducted by the Barclays Bank small bus...

entrepreneurship in the world, especially in western developed countries, the much interest in recent years the concept of entrepreneurial ecosystems and integrating the separation of infrastructure services needed by entrepreneurs and governments innovative citizens, industrialists and entrepreneurs to create. a person apart from the idea of an entrepreneur, long way to run and deliver it to t...

For the last decade, the East German economy has been suffering from high unemployment and low economic growth. Policy makers often point to the lack of entrepreneurship as one of East Germany’s main problems. This paper addresses the question of how East Germany’s integration into an established economy, West Germany, may have hindered a fruitful development of entrepreneurship and how this ma...

The taxation of capital gains is a perennial issue in tax policy. One critical aspect for understanding the overall effects of capital gains taxation is how these taxes affect entrepreneurs. While many analyses focus on the disincentive effects created by capital gains taxes for investors in large corporations, these disincentives may be even more important for entrepreneurs. This paper discuss...

Entrepreneurship in the world, especially in Western developed countries, the much interest in recent years the concept of entrepreneurial ecosystems and integrating the separation of infrastructure services needed by entrepreneurs and governments innovative citizens, industrialists and entrepreneurs to create. a person apart from the idea of an entrepreneur, long way to run and deliver it to t...

Sweden has allowed immigrants from any country to obtain residence permits for entrepreneurship since 2008. The aim of this study was explore the outcome policy. adds time perspective and superdiversity operationalizes mixed embeddedness framework facilitate a quantitative on three levels analysis. Detailed register data two cohorts immigrants—those who arrived four years before those after ref...

Rural areas are not blessed with—indeed they are largely defined by the absence of—the advantages of urban areas: dense environments of customers and suppliers, knowledge spill overs, urban agglomeration advantages, such as rich labor markets, transportation accessibility, capital (particularly venture capital), information, and the “buzz” of face-to-face contact (Storper and Venables, 2002; Ac...