A 74-year-old female patient with rheumatoid arthritis was diagnosed with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PcP) following therapy with methotrexate and prednisone. Although bactrim treatment was initiated and PcP was not detected by a control bronchoalveolar lavage, the patient died. The precise cause of death remains unknown. As this case illustrates, PcP must be considered as a differential d...

Major histocompatibility complex class II expression deficiency is an autosomal recessive primary combined immunodeficiency. The prevalence of this deficiency is the highest in Mediterranean areas, especially North Africa. Early diagnosis is essential due to high mortality in the first 2 years of life. Prognosis is very poor when bone marrow transplantation cannot be performed. We report the ca...

AIDS-related malignancies may alter clinical courses and result in death in critically ill patients. We present a case of a newly diagnosed AIDS patient with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus infections who was found to have widely metastatic kinase-negative anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. This case demonstrates the diversity in the malignant presentation ...

Wegener granulomatosis is often misdiagnosed as pneumonia and most common cause for bilateral lung infiltrates' are bacterial, viral, pneumocystis jiroveci infection. We describe a 35 year old female with 15 days history of nasal obstruction, breathlessness and fever. Investigations in this patient revealed chronic necrotizing vasculitic and granulomatous lesion in nasal biopsy, vasculitic pauc...

We report a case of dual Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) and Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) (PCP) lymphadenitis in a patient with HIV who had been receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) as systemic prophylaxis for PCP. This patient was successfully treated with antituberculosis medications and TMP-SMX. Our review of the literature identified this as the first reported case of dual T...

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) is an opportunistic infection affecting immunocompromised patients. While conventional diagnosis of PCP by microscopy is cumbersome, the use of PCR to diagnose PCP has great potential. Nevertheless, inter-laboratory validation and standardization of PCR assays is lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inter-laboratory agreement of three independ...

Pneumocystis jiroveci (human-derived P. carinii) is an opportunistic pathogenic fungus which causes pneumonia and is life-threatening in immunocompromised individuals. Spontaneously acquired resistance to atovaquone, a hydroxynaphthoquinone that is used to treat P. jiroveci infections, was linked to mutations in the mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b gene. Because P. jiroveci cannot be easily...

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