We provide a construction which co-freely adds elementary structure to a primary doctrine in the sense of Lawvere. We show that the construction preserves all the first order logical structures that the starting doctrine may have. Moreover it forces the Principle of Propositional Extensionality when applied to tripos.

This case involves two proceedings, one pending in state court, the other in federal court. Each seeks review of an Iowa Utilities Board (IUB or Board) order. And each presents the question whether Windstream Iowa Communications, Inc. (Windstream), a local telecommunications carrier, may impose on Sprint Communications, Inc. (Sprint), intrastate access charges for telephone calls transported vi...

This essay presents a speculative work on making distinctions among different equally valid types of research relevance. The work is innovative not only because it departs from the extant monistic perspectives, where only narrow forms of relevance are acknowledged, towards a pluralist perspective, but also because it recognizes and accounts for the plurality in the perceptions of relevance amon...

A traditional trend toward scientific explanation aimed to provide a single account of the nature of explanation. On the other hand, a recent attitude toward mathematical explanations of physical phenomena is to go ‘pluralist’ and consider that what makes something a good explanation can vary from case to case, i.e. there are different kinds of explanation which cannot be captured through a sin...