14 Temperature reconstructions indicate that the Pliocene was ~ 3 °C warmer globally 15 than today, and several recent reconstructions of Pliocene atmospheric CO2 indicate 16 that it was above pre-industrial levels and similar to those likely to be seen this 17 century. However, many of these reconstructions have been of relatively low temporal 18 resolution, meaning that these records may have...

The Mid-Pliocene is the most recent interval of sustained global warmth, which can be used to examine conditions predicted for the near future. An accurate spatial representation of the low-latitude Mid-Pliocene Pacific surface ocean is necessary to understand past climate change in the light of forecasts of future change. Mid-Pliocene sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies show a strong contr...

14 Temperature reconstructions indicate that the Pliocene was ~ 3 °C warmer globally 15 than today, and several recent reconstructions of Pliocene atmospheric CO2 indicate 16 that it was above pre-industrial levels and similar to those likely to be seen this 17 century. However, many of these reconstructions have been of relatively low temporal 18 resolution, meaning that these records may have...

Over the last 50 years the studies on terrestrial mammals of the Italian peninsula have provided a large volume of data and a more detailed knowledge of faunal events during the Late Pliocene and Quaternary. Moreover geological, sedimentological, palynological and magnetostratigraphical investigations on the Pliocene–Pleistocene continental sedimentary basins have yielded the possibility of a d...

The timing history and driving mechanisms of C4 expansion and Tibetan uplift are hotly debated issues. Paleoenvironmental evidence from within the Tibetan Plateau is essential to help resolve these issues. Here we report results of stable C and O isotope analyses of tooth enamel samples from a variety of late Cenozoic mammals, including deer, giraffe, horse, rhino, and elephant, from the Qaidam...

Lithostratigraphy, depositional facies architecture, and diagenesis of upper Pliocene to Holocene carbonates in northern Belize are evaluated based on a ca 290 m, continuous section of samples from a well drilled on Ambergris Caye that can be linked directly to outcrops of Pleistocene limestone, and of overlying Holocene sediments. Upper Pliocene outer-ramp deposits are overlain unconformably b...

Formed on top of the Gulf Cadiz, Al Idrissi mud volcano is shallowest and largest in El Arraiche field northwestern Moroccan margin. The development morphology volcanoes from group have been studied at a large scale. However, time interval related to their formation period still needs be better understood. In this regard, we interpreted analyzed seismic facies 2D reflection data GEOMARGEN-1 cam...

Extinction may alter competitive interactions among surviving species, affecting their subsequent recovery and evolution, but these processes remain poorly understood. Analysis of predation traces produced by shell-drilling muricid snails on bivalve prey reveals that species interactions were substantially different before and after a Plio-Pleistocene mass extinction in the western Atlantic. Mu...