The goal of this study is to explore how swimming animals produce the wide range of performance that is seen across their natural behaviors. In vivo recordings of plantaris longus muscle length change were obtained by sonomicrometry. Simultaneous with muscle length data, force measurements were obtained using a novel tendon buckle force transducer placed on the Achilles tendon of Xenopus laevis...

Background: Studies have demonstrated that a sub-group of patients with medial Achilles pain exhibit tendinopathy plantaris tendon involvement. This clinical condition is characterised by structural relationships and functional interference between the two tendons, resulting in compressive or shearing forces. Surgical removal together an scraping procedure has positive short-term results. The a...

Objective : This study was carried to identify the anatomical component of FTMM(Foot Taeyang Meridian Muscle) in human lower limb, and further to help the accurate application to real acupuncture. Methods : FTM at the surface of the lower limb was labelled with latex. And cadaver was stripped off to demonstrate muscles, nerves and the others and to display the internal structures of FTMM, being...

Damaged tendons or loss of tendon poses a major surgical reconstructive problem. The conventional method is harvest donor tendons from palmaris longus, plantaris or tensor fasciae lata. Synthetic tendons has been used in Achilles tendon repair with studies on equine subjects. We present successful use in three patients with extensive tendon loss secondary to polytrauma. Additionally we have con...

A b s t r a c t m As many biomechanists indicate~ tendon plays important role for running or jumping motion. It stores the kinetic energy as a potential energy during stance and also absorbs the impulse at touch down. Inspired by such biomechanical studies~ we propose a new simple mechanical model for hindlimb of a dog to realize a robot that imitates dog running~ and the hardware design of one...

The aim of this study was to establish the extent of extramuscular myofascial force transmission for dissected rat medial gastrocnemius (GM) and plantaris (PL) muscles. Initially, this was done with GM still connected to extramuscular connective tissue (general fascia, neuro-vascular tract and compartmental fascia). Neighbouring muscles were also connected to these tissues. In a later stage, it...

The capacity of skeletal and cardiac muscle to increase in size in response to increased physiological demand is well known. However, little is known of either the biochemical mechanisms involved in this compensatory hypertrophy or the cellular and physiological changes resulting from this growth process. Studies of protein synthesis during work-induced hypertrophy are relevant to such question...