In this study, in-situ bulk polymerization was investigated for obtaining flame retardant polystyrene (PS). The halogenated and phosphoric compounds were used as flame retardant additives and Perkadox 30 was used as a synergist. The flammability of the PS was evaluated by thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL-94 tests. The results show that polymerization process ...

We have shown previously that ethylene, which accumulates in the air spaces of submerged stem sections of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv "Habiganj Aman II"), is involved in regulating the growth response caused by submergence. The role of gibberellins in the submergence response was studied using tetcyclacis (TCY), a new plant growth retardant, which inhibits gibberellin biosynthesis. Stem sections e...

Enhanced Heat Release Rate (HRR) methodology has been extended to the Mass Loss Calorimeter (MLC) and the Modified Schlyter flame spread test to evaluate fire retardant effectiveness used on wood based materials. Modifications to MLC include installation of thermopile on the chimney walls to correct systematic errors to the sensible HRR calculations to account for radiant energy losses to the c...

Synthetic polymeric materials are rapidly replacing more traditional inorganic materials, such as metals, and natural polymeric materials, such as wood. As these synthetic materials are flammable, they require modifications to decrease their flammability through the addition of flame-retardant compounds. Environmental regulation has restricted the use of some halogenated flame-retardant additiv...

A facile synthesis of novel 2-(4-oxochromen-3-yl) benzothiazolium bromides 4 and benzoxazolium bromide 5 using the one-pot condensation of substituted 4-oxochromene-3-carboxaldehydes 1 with 2-methylbenzothiazole (2a) or 2-methylbenzoxazole (2b) and benzyl bromide is described. The effects of benzothiazolium bromides 4 on the growth stimulation of the cucumber and retardant activity on corn seed...

Plant growth retardant (PGR) refers to organics that can inhibit the cell division of plant stem tip sub-apical meristem cells or primordial meristem cell. They are widely used in the cultivation of rhizomatous functional plants; such as Codonopsis Radix, that is a famous Chinese traditional herb. However, it is still unclear whether PGR affects the medicinal quality of C. Radix. In the present...