Efficient and effective Islamic estate planning not only provides convenience to Muslim but also capable of driving national economic progress development. One the instruments is trust instrument which based on Civil Law. The effect implementing at an early stage can be seen in property acquired as it managed effectively indirectly harms beneficiary. Therefore, this study will try identify what...

The Queensland Government recently released a statutory planning document South East Queensland Regional Plan 2005-2026 to manage the rapid growth of its south east region. One of the strategies identified in the document is to establish a number of transit-oriented developments (TODs) to create compact, walkable communities around high capacity public transport nodes. The objective of the pape...

This thesis was written against the background of intense public debate on increasing housing shortages and housing policy reform in Germany and Sweden. Potential reforms to increase housing development volumes, especially in the affordable segment, are analysed using theories of institutional change with focus on urban planning, building law and housing policy. The instruments analysed are div...

In the EU-project PLUREL we develop scenarios for future land use development in European urban regions facing population growth or shrinkage. We combine the spatially explicit modelling work with a participatory approach to involve stakeholder knowledge on drivers and policy instruments to steer land use development. Our scenario technique aims at incorporating feedbacks from planning into lan...

The greatest burden of surgical disease exists in low- and middle-income countries, where the quality and safety of surgical treatment cause major challenges. Securing necessary and appropriate medical supplies and infrastructure remains a significant and under-recognised limitation to providing safe and high-quality surgical care in these settings. The majority of surgical instruments are sold...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Few standardized testing procedures exist for instruments intended for Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery. These testing procedures are critical for evaluating surgical skills and surgical instruments to ensure sufficient quality. This need is widely recognized by endoscopic surgeons as a major hurdle for the advancement of Natural Orifice Translumenal En...