The cloud radio access network (C-RAN) is one of the most efficient, low-cost, and energy-efficient radio access techniques proposed as a potential candidate for the implementation of next-generation (NGN) mobile base stations (BSs). A high-performance C-RAN requires an exceptional broadband radio frequency (RF) front end that cannot be guaranteed without remarkable antenna elements. In respons...

In this paper, a compact antenna design method is proposed for microstrip patch antennas using double-layered defected ground structure (DGS) configuration. While conventional single-layered yields lower resonant frequency and Q-factor, smaller circuit size can be achieved an additional substrate with higher dielectric constant. The reduction obtained from the LC elements analytically explained...