A previous study from this laboratory (D. P. Snider, D. Skea, and B. J. Underdown, Infect. Immun. 56:2838-2842, 1988) indicated that immunodeficient mice expressing the xid gene develop prolonged infections with Giardia muris, unlike immunocompetent mice, which eliminate the intestinal protozoan parasite in 8 to 10 weeks. In this study, CBA/N (xid) and CBA/Ca mice were infected with G. muris cy...

The use of propidium iodide, whose uptake indicates cell death or damage, was investigated to assess the viability of heat-inactivated and chemically inactivated Giardia muris cysts. This was done by comparing propidium iodide staining with excystation. We first determined that propidium iodide could be used with an immunofluorescence detection procedure by showing that the percentages of Giard...

The morphological, biological, and molecular characteristics of Cryptosporidium muris strain TS03 are described, and the species name Cryptosporidium proliferans n. sp. is proposed. Cryptosporidium proliferans obtained from a naturally infected East African mole rat (Tachyoryctes splendens) in Kenya was propagated under laboratory conditions in rodents (SCID mice and southern multimammate mice,...

Millions of people are treated with anthelmintics to control soil-transmitted helminth infections; yet, drug distribution in the plasma and gastrointestinal tract compartments and the pathway of drug uptake into gastrointestinal nematodes responsible for the pharmacological effect are unknown. We assessed the distribution and uptake of albendazole, albendazole sulfoxide, albendazole sulfone in ...

In murine models of Schistosoma mansoni infection, egg production is associated with a switch from T helper cell (Th)1- to Th2-type responses to both schistosome-specific and unrelated antigens. Polyparasitism is common in human populations within S. mansoni endemic areas. We have, therefore, examined whether coinfection with S. mansoni could affect the outcome of a second parasitic infection, ...

Eleven new records of digenean species are reported in birds in Poland, i.e. Tylodelphys immer found in Gavia stellata, Strigea vanderbrokae in Pernis apivorus, Echinostoma academica in Numenius arquata, Echinochasmus euryporus in Buteo buteo, Patagifer parvispinosus and Petasiger grandivesicularis in Tachybaptus ruficollis, Notocotyloides petasatus in Calidris alpina, Plagiorchis arcuatus in C...

Monoclonal antibodies were raised against cystozoites of Sarcocystis muris and characterised. Twelve monoclonal antibodies reacted in the ELISA, Dot-ELISA and IFAT only with homologous antigen. The other twelve showed cross reactions of various degrees with cystozoites of S. gigantea, S. tenella, S. arieticanis, S. capracanis, S. miescheriana and S. suihominis. Proteins of S. arieticanis, S. te...

Timothy J. Muris is a former Chairman, Federal Trade Commission, and presently a Foundation Professor of Law, George Mason University, and of Counsel, O’Melveny & Myers, LLP. Bilal Sayyed is a Counsel at O’Melveny & Myers, LLP. This article revises the comment of Timothy J. Muris and Bilal Sayyed, Three Key Principles for Revising the Horizontal Merger Guidelines, Submitted to the Federal Trade...

Intestinal dwelling parasites have evolved closely with the complex intestinal microbiota of their host, but the significance of the host microbiota for metazoan pathogens and the role of their own intestinal microbiota are still not fully known. We have found that the parasitic nematode Trichuris muris acquired a distinct intestinal microbiota from its host, which was required for nematode fit...