Polycystic kidneys diseases (PKD) are a group of monogenic kidney disorders that lead to cyst development in the kidneys. Polycystic kidney diseases are a common indication for renal transplantation and dialysis and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). There are two types of PKD, the autosomal dominant type called ADPKD with an estimated prevalence rate of 1:400-1:1000 worldwide (...

Water, which is preeminent among all biomolecular compounds, creates more complexities than implied by simple H2O. Humans are more than 50% water and die in a few days without it. Space scientists eagerly search dry planets for traces of water. Nephrologists spend most of their time thinking and worrying about urine, which is mostly water. When the heart fails, we drown from too much water. Now...