Respiratory viruses such as parainfluenza virus (PIV) in individuals with certain genetic predispositions in early life are associated with the induction of wheezing, which can progress to the development of asthma. It has been suggested that aberrant production of various cytokines due to viral infection are associated with virus-induced asthma. However, the mechanisms of how respiratory virus...

In the past decade, advances in electronics technology have made larger imaging sensors available to experimental fluid mechanics community. These advancements enabled measurement of 2-component 2-dimensional (2C-2D) velocity fields using particle image velocimetry (PIV) with much higher spatial resolution than previously possible. However, due large size sensor, lens distortion needs be taken ...

To avoid the complexity of the edge definition by the half width, a new approach to defining the leeward edge of the planar jet in crossflow is introduced in this paper. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experiments were performed to measure different flow regimes within the single jet and the dual jets configurations in crossflow. Based on the experimental data acquired, a series of velocity pr...

General formulas are obtained for the vertex Padmakar-Ivan index (PIv) of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) dendrimer, whereby TTF units we are employed as branching centers. The PIv index is a Wiener-Szeged-like index developed very recently. This topological index is defined as the summation of all sums of nu(e) and nv(e), over all edges of connected graph G.

Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) has become an important tool in modern flowfield diagnostics, in particular for subsonic flows. PIV systems have also been used to measure supersonic flows in supersonic wind tunnels, but only recently it has been shown that PIV can also be a valuable tool for high-speed supersonic flows in a shock tunnel (Haertig et al., 2001). At the ISL shock tunnel a PIV sys...

Filamentous phage f1 is exported from its Escherichia coli host without killing the bacterial cell. Phage-encoded protein pIV, which is required for phage assembly and secretion, forms large highly conductive channels in the outer membrane of E. coli. It has been proposed that the phage are extruded across the bacterial outer membrane through pIV channels. To test this prediction, we developed ...

Multi-dimensional and transient flows play a key role in many areas of science, engineering, and health sciences but are often not well understood. The complex nature of these flows may be studied using particle image velocimetry (PIV), a laser-based imaging technique for optically accessible flows. Though many forms of PIV exist that extend the technique beyond the original planar two-componen...

This paper presents PARPIV, the design and prototyping of a highly parameterized digital Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system implemented on reconfigurable hardware. Despite many improvements to PIV methods over the last twenty years, PIV postprocessing remains a computationally intensive task. It becomes a serious bottleneck as camera acquisition rates reach 1000 frames per second. Besides,...

PURPOSE We evaluated the efficacy and safety of emergency department technicians' (EDT) use of ultrasound (US) guided peripheral intravenous (PIV) access compared to the traditional approach on a subset of patients with difficult IV access. METHODS We enrolled a convenience sample of 75 ED patients with difficult IV access (at least 2 failed PIV attempts). During phase I, EDTs used the standa...

Here we describe the implementation of a large-scale multicamera particle image velocity (PIV) measurement to resolve the large range of spatial scales prevalent in moderate to high Reynolds number turbulent boundary layers. The objective of these experiments is to capture instantaneous snapshots of recently discovered large coherent structures which are known to inhabit the log and outer regio...