a water distribution network is subjected to various abnormal conditions such as pipe breaks, pump failures, excessive demands etc. in the design period. under such conditions, the network may not be able to meet required demands at desired pressures, and becomes deficient. traditional network analysis assumes nodal demands to be satisfied and available nodal pressures are calculated. however, ...

In the present study, heat transfer and entropy analysis for flow through a pipe system is considered. The Reynolds number and the pipe wall temperature effects on entropy distribution and total entropy generation in the pipe are investigated. Numerical scheme employing a control volume approach is introduced when solving the governing equations. Steel is selected as pipe material, while water ...

Transmission loss measurements are reported for long steel pipes of circular crosssection, with air inside and out, excited by internal sound. At low frequencies (wavelength greater than the pipe diameter), most of the radiated sound is accounted for by pipe bending waves. In order to approach the much higher transmission loss predicted for pure breathing motion of the pipe, bending waves must ...

This paper concerns the mathematical modelling of flow and solute transport through stormwater ponds. The model is based on appropriate lumped system conservation equations that are solved using standard numerical techniques. The model was used to route a first flush pollution scenario through a cylindrical pond for 16 combinations of elevation and diameter of a submerged pipe outlet, in conjun...

Direct numerical simulation of three-dimensional (3D) viscous flow in a wavy pipe is performed using the lattice Boltzmann approach, to study 3D flow features in a curved pipe with nonuniform curvature. We first validate the lattice Boltzmann approach by simulating a transient flow in a straight pipe. In a wavy pipe, it is shown that the pressure gradient necessary to drive the flow depends mor...

BACKGROUND Water pipe is a traditional method of tobacco use, which is epidemically spreading throughout Europe. There are scarce data about the use of water pipe and its relation to other addictive behaviors among young adults in Western countries. OBJECTIVES It was our aim to identify the sociodemographic characteristics of water pipe users in Switzerland and to describe concurrent cigarett...

Dependencies among software projects and libraries are an indicator of the often implicit collaboration among many developers in software ecosystems. Negotiating change can be tricky: changes to one module may cause ripple effects to many other modules that depend on it, yet insisting on only backwardcompatible changes may incur significant opportunity cost and stifle change. We argue that awar...

This paper deals with the performance of a heat pipe solar collector. The solar collector consisted of an interconnected heat pipe so as to reduce the production cost by using an interconnected heat pipe because all the heat pipes can be evacuated, sealed and tested at once. Performance of a prototype of the heat pipe solar collector was experimentally examined, and the results were compared wi...

Miniature heat pipes are considered to be an innovative solution able to dissipate high heat with low working fluid fill charge, provide automatic temperature control, and operate with minimum energy consumption and low noise levels. A theoretical analysis on heat pipe thermal performance using Deionized water or n-pentane as the working fluid has been carried out. Analysis on the maximum heat ...