Caryopses of Aegilops kotschyi Boiss. from different positions within the same spikelet differ greatly in their degree of dormancy. Imposition of this dormancy pattern is a correlative phenomenon within the spikelet, inasmuch as the uppermost developing caryopsis is least dormant and its development is associated with the dormancy status imposed on the lower (one or two) caryopses. Differences ...

Scientists have long known that variation in animal color patterns carry far more than cosmetic signifi cance. Darwin fi rst connected pigmentation with adaptive advantage, noting that male fi nches with bright red plumage enjoyed greater reproductive success than their drab competitors. Explaining why coloration confers such advantages, however, has proved somewhat easier than showing how it a...

introduction: melanin pigmentation in the oral mucosa occurs as a result of several reasons one of which is smoking. cigarette smoke induces numerous side effects in the people who do not smoke, but are in the same environment. the aim of this study was to evaluate the role of parental smoking on pigmentation of their children's oral mucosa. materials and methods: this study was carried out as ...

statement of the problem: melanin pigmentation of the gingiva is a crucial esthetic problem. a variety of methods have been used for gingival depigmentation. purpose: the purpose of this study was to compare the results of two treatment modalities: scalpel technique and cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen in treatment of gingival pigmentation. materials and method: twenty patients with chief compl...

Scientists have long known that variation in animal color patterns carry far more than cosmetic signifi cance. Darwin fi rst connected pigmentation with adaptive advantage, noting that male fi nches with bright red plumage enjoyed greater reproductive success than their drab competitors. Explaining why coloration confers such advantages, however, has proved somewhat easier than showing how it a...

Albinism, a phenomenon characterized by pigmentation deficiency on the ocular side of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), has caused significant damage. Limited mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) information is available on fish pigmentation deficiency. In this study, a high-throughput sequencing strategy was employed to identify the mRNA and miRNAs involved in P. olivaceus albinism. Based on P....

The plumage on the dorsal trunk of normal quail embryos exhibits longitudinal black and brown stripes of pigments produced by melanocytes. However, this pigmentation pattern disappeared in Bh (black at hatch) heterozygous and homozygous embryos because of overall black and brown pigmentation of plumages, respectively. To investigate the mechanisms of the pigment pattern formation of plumage and...

Merle is a pattern of coloring observed in the coat of the domestic dog and is characterized by patches of diluted pigment. This trait is inherited in an autosomal, incompletely dominant fashion. Dogs heterozygous or homozygous for the merle locus exhibit a wide range of auditory and ophthalmologic abnormalities, which are similar to those observed for the human auditory-pigmentation disorder W...

Treatment of advanced melanoma with selective BRAF and MEK inhibitors is associated with a series of mucocutaneous side effects, among which morphological changes in preexisting nevi and the development of new melanocytic lesions, both benign and malignant. Objective was to describe the changes observed in melanocytic nevi under vemurafenib therapy, followed by combination therapy with dabrafen...

Pigmentation, specifically melanism, is often the driving force behind classic examples of natural selection such as camouflage and mimicry. However, whilst pigmentation in insects has long been considered the exclusive preserve of the genetic model Drosophila, stunning new papers on the molecular basis of melanism and mimicry in butterflies are beginning to show how evolution can act directly ...