Darker skin color has been associated with higher average blood pressure in several African-derived populations in the Americas. This pattern has been interpreted as evidence of genetic, physiologic, or sociocultural mechanisms, but existing evidence does not provide an adequate means of evaluating these alternatives. This paper introduces a measurement strategy to isolate the cultural and biol...

CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS cardiac congenital defects cardiopathy, congenital DERMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS cutis, dysplastic, not including ectodermal dysplasia cutis, aplasia, skin atrophy GENITAL DISORDERS genital dysfunctions hypogenitalism, hypogonadism; small testes, microorchidism, hypoplastic scrotum male genitalia, modifications not including ambiguity cryptorchidism JOINT DISORDERS joint, mo...

introduction: melanin pigmentation in the oral mucosa occurs as a result of several reasons one of which is smoking. cigarette smoke induces numerous side effects in the people who do not smoke, but are in the same environment. the aim of this study was to evaluate the role of parental smoking on pigmentation of their children's oral mucosa. materials and methods: this study was carried out as ...

statement of the problem: melanin pigmentation of the gingiva is a crucial esthetic problem. a variety of methods have been used for gingival depigmentation. purpose: the purpose of this study was to compare the results of two treatment modalities: scalpel technique and cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen in treatment of gingival pigmentation. materials and method: twenty patients with chief compl...

One of the most striking phenomena in human oncology is the transformation of the normal skin color to an intense blue-gray pigmentation. This occurs as a complication of malignant melanoma. In the recent literature, several excellent examples of this type of pigmentation have been reported in patients with malignant melanoma. In this paper we report on another patient with generalized melanin ...

While the UV-MITF pathway is well-established as a key player of pigmentation, implication other MITF independent pathways in this biological process still unclear. Illustrating this, several evidence demonstrated role oxidative stress pigmentation disorders but exact mechanisms by which potentially impacts skin are incompletely elucidated. Here, we identified conserved mechanism demonstrating ...

population; sun exposure, atmospheric pollution, skin pigmentation, dietary and genetic factors are important determinants for it [3]. Various disorders like malabsorption syndromes, chronic kidney and liver disorders and drugs can also lead to vitamin D deficiency [4]. Recommended daily allowance (RDA) for vitamin D in children 1-13 years of age is 600 IU/day [5]. Poor dietary habits can lead ...

.