This study investigated whether soluble paracrine factors mediated Salmonella-induced IL-8 expression in polarized model intestinal epithelia. We found that the basolateral media of model epithelia that had been apically infected with Salmonella typhimurium for a short period (10 minutes) could activate IL-8 secretion in virgin model epithelia, demonstrating that a proinflammatory factor (PIF) ...

Mexico City is the location with largest number of boxers in Mexico; fact, it first city country to open a Technological Baccalaureate Education and Sports Promotion pugilism orientation. This cross-sectional study aimed determine physical–functional profile applicants for admission baccalaureate sports. A total 227 young athletes (44F; 183M; 15.65 (1.79) years; 63.66 (14.98) kg; >3 years bo...

The 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) phosphorylates and activates a number of protein kinases of the AGC subfamily. The kinase domain of PDK1 interacts with a region of protein kinase C-related kinase-2 (PRK2), termed the PDK1-interacting fragment (PIF), through a hydrophobic motif. Here we identify a hydrophobic pocket in the small lobe of the PDK1 kinase domain, separate f...

This document provides the speci®cation of the Process Interchange Format (PIF) version 1.2. The goal of this work is to develop an interchange format to help automatically exchange process descriptions among a wide variety of business process modelling and support systems such as work ̄ow software, ̄ow charting tools, planners, process simulation systems and process repositories. Instead of hav...

The group of AGC protein kinases includes more than 60 protein kinases in the human genome (e.g. PDK1 and isoforms of PKA, PKC, PRK, PKB/Akt, S6K, SGK, RSK, MSK, ROCK, GRK, amongst others). This group is also widely represented in other eukaryotes, including organisms that cause human infectious diseases. Human AGC kinases are involved in diverse cellular functions and are potential targets for...

Cronobacter sakazakii is an emerging food borne pathogen which has been associated with outbreaks of a rare form of infant meningitis. Although the origin of the microorganism has not been established, several infection cases have been associated with the consumption of contaminated powdered infant formula (PIF). In the present study, growth characteristics of three C. sakazakii strains isolate...

Quantitatively detecting correlations of multiple protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in vivo is a big challenge. Here we introduce a novel method, termed Protein-interactome Footprinting (PiF), to simultaneously measure multiple PPIs in one cell. The principle of PiF is that each target physical PPI in the interactome is simultaneously transcoded into a specific DNA sequence based on dimerizat...

Cloned cDNAs encoding the precursor protein for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH) and prolactin release-inhibiting factor (PIF) were isolated from libraries derived from human and rat hypothalamic mRNA. Nucleotide sequence analyses predict precursor proteins of 92 amino acids for both species and show identity between the human placental and human hypothalamic precursor proteins. Whereas t...

BACKGROUND Protein kinase B (PKB) is activated by phosphorylation of Thr308 and of Ser473. Thr308 is phosphorylated by the 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) but the identity of the kinase that phosphorylates Ser473 (provisionally termed PDK2) is unknown. RESULTS The kinase domain of PDK1 interacts with a region of protein kinase C-related kinase-2 (PRK2), termed the PDK1-in...

Brief synaptic inhibition can overwhelm a nearly coincident suprathreshold excitatory input to preclude spike generation. Surprisingly, a brief inhibitory event that occurs in a favorable time window preceding an otherwise subthreshold excitation can facilitate spiking. Such postinhibitory facilitation (PIF) requires that the inhibition has a short (decay) time constant tauinh. The timescale ra...