BACKGROUND Protease inhibitor (PI)-based combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is administered during pregnancy to prevent perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. However, PI use has been associated with adverse birth outcomes, including preterm delivery and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) births. The mechanisms underlying these outcomes are unknown. We hypothesized that ...

Four populations of Pratylenchus penetrans did not differ (P > 0.05) in their virulence or reproductive capability on Lahontan alfalfa. There was a negative relationship (r = -0 .7 9 ) between plant survival and nematode inocula densities at 26 +/- 3 C in the greenhouse. All plants survived at an inoculum level (Pi) of 1 nematode/cm(3) soil, whereas survival rates were 50 to 55% at 20 nematodes...

OBJECTIVE To describe the distribution of perfusion index (PI) in asymptomatic newborns at 24 hours of life when screening for critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) using an automated data selection method. DESIGN This is a retrospective observational study. SETTING Newborn nursery in a California public hospital with ~3500 deliveries annually. METHODS We developed an automated program...

BACKGROUND A specific inspiratory muscle 'warm-up' (IWU) prior to assessment of maximal inspiratory mouth pressure (PI(max)) may reduce the number of measurements required to obtain reproducible, representative estimates of PI(max). The influence of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) upon this phenomenon is unknown. OBJECTIVE Compare the impact of an IWU on the between- and within-day reliabil...

genotypes can be easily identified (Huang et al., 1997; Hittalmani et al., 2000). A PCR-based Pi-ta gene marker Incorporation of resistance genes into existing rice (Oryza sativa is useful in marker-assisted selection breeding since it L.) cultivars is a powerful strategy and is commonly applied in breeding rice resistance to blast disease [caused by Pyricularia grisea Sacc. is the part of resi...

A weighting scheme jointly considering model performance and independence (PI-based scheme) is employed to deal with multi-model ensemble prediction of precipitation over China from 17 global climate models. Four metrics on mean extremes are used evaluate the independence. The PI-based also compared a rank-based simple arithmetic (AM) scheme. It shown that achieves notable improvements in weste...

r is called commuting regular ring (resp. semigroup) if for each x,y $in$ r thereexists a $in$ r such that xy = yxayx. in this paper, we introduce the concept of commuting$pi$-regular rings (resp. semigroups) and study various properties of them.

BACKGROUND People with comorbid mental and physical illness (PI) experience worse health, inadequate care and increased mortality relative to those without mental illness (MI). The role of gender in this relationship is not fully understood. This study examined gender differences in onset of mental health service usage among people with physical illness (COPD, asthma, hypertension and type II d...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Research has increasingly suggested that gut flora plays an important role in the development of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS). Studies of the curative effect of probiotics for IBS have usually been positive but not always. However, the differences of treatment effects and mechanisms among probiotic stains, or mixture of them, are not clear. In this study...