After two annual cycles of ecological surveys examining the distribution of mangrove-associated macroalgae in contaminated and uncontaminated estuaries in the Sydney region, south-eastern Australia, two species were selected for examination in laboratory toxicity tests. The Rhodophyta species, Caloglossa leprieurii and Catanella nipae, were chosen, as they appeared to be highly influenced by am...

Phytotoxicity on Oryza sativa was studied by directly exposing it to silver nanoparticles solutions. Seedlings were allowed to grow at room temperature in Hoagland’s nutrient solutions prior to treatment. Particles were prepared in distilled water by Chemical reductions method. U.V-Vis spectra analysis confirms its formations at 400 nm wavelength. 12 days of phytotoxicity periods in 1000μg/ml c...

The phytotoxicity of alumina nanoparticles loaded with and without phenanthrene (Phen) was investigated by means of root elongation (RE) experiments in this study. Five plant species, Zea mays (corn), Cucumis sativus (cucumber), Glycine max (soybean), Brassica oleracea (cabbage), and Daucus carota (carrot) were used in our study of phytotoxicity by root elongation experiments. The surface chara...

Arsenic (As) contamination is an important environmental consequence in some parts of salinity-affected South (S) and South-East (SE) Asia. In this study, we investigated the individual and combined phytotoxicity of arsenic (As) [arsenate; As(V)] and salinity (NaCl) on early seedling growth (ESG) of saline-tolerant and non-tolerant rice varieties. Germination percentage (GP), germination speed ...

The major limitation of cereal production in acidic soils is aluminium (Al) phytotoxicity which inhibits root growth. Recent evidence indicates that different genotypes within the same species have evolved different mechanisms to cope with this stress. With these facts in mind, root responses of two highly Al tolerant Portuguese bread wheat genotypes—Barbela 7/72/92 and Viloso mole—were investi...

Four efficacy and selectivity small plot field trials were carried out in four sunflower hybrids at two localities in Middle Bohemia during 2008 and 2009 with herbicides containing the active ingredients flumioxazin and fluorochloridone. For Chenopodium album, an efficacy of 97% was found after pre-emergent application of fluorochloridone + acetochlor; the efficacy of oxyfluorfen was 88–95%; th...

Arsenic (As) contamination is an important environmental consequence in some parts of salinity-affected South (S) and South-East (SE) Asia. In this study, we investigated the individual and combined phytotoxicity of arsenic (As) [arsenate; As(V)] and salinity (NaCl) on early seedling growth (ESG) of saline-tolerant and non-tolerant rice varieties. Germination percentage (GP), germination speed ...

The study focused on assessing the influence of rhamnolipids on the phytotoxicity of diesel oil-contaminated soil samples. Tests evaluating the seed germination and growth inhibition of four terrestrial plant species (alfalfa, sorghum, mustard and cuckooflower) were carried out at different rhamnolipid concentrations (ranging from 0 to 1.200 mg/kg of wet soil). The experiments were performed in...

Upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) is mainly grown in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Yield potential of upland rice is quite low and invariably this crop is subjected to many environmental stresses. Further, when upland rice is grown in monoculture for more than two to three years on the same land, allelopathy or autotoxicity is frequently reported. Allelopathy involves complex plant and plant chem...

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops worldwide. However, it is also a valuable tool in assessing toxicity of organic and inorganic compounds. For more than 20 years, it has been an approved species for standardized phytotoxicity experiments. The objective of this study is to determine germination and radicle (root) and coleoptile (shoot) growth of rice seeds exposed to...