Plants recognize invading pathogens and respond biochemically to prevent invasion or inhibit colonization in plant cells. Enhancing this response in crop plants could improve sustainable methods to manage plant diseases. To enhance disease resistance in soybean, the soybean phytoalexin glyceollin was assessed in soybean hairy roots of two soybean genotypes, Spencer and PI 567374, transformed wi...

Effector proteins secreted by oomycete and fungal pathogens have been inferred to enter host cells, where they interact with host resistance gene products. Using the effector protein Avr1b of Phytophthora sojae, an oomycete pathogen of soybean (Glycine max), we show that a pair of sequence motifs, RXLR and dEER, plus surrounding sequences, are both necessary and sufficient to deliver the protei...

Filamentous disease-causing agents (e.g., fungi and oomycetes) constitute a diverse, widely distributed group of plant pathogens that continually threaten crop production. A prominent example is Phytophthora sojae, pathogenic oomycete renders root stem rot in soybean (Glycine max). The expansion diverse/complex P. sojae pathotypes limits traditional methods disease prevention exacerbated by cli...

The Phytophthora Functional Genomics Database (PFGD; http://www.pfgd.org), developed by the National Center for Genome Resources in collaboration with The Ohio State University-Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OSU-OARDC), is a publicly accessible information resource for Phytophthora-plant interaction research. PFGD contains transcript, genomic, gene expression and functional ...

Phytophthora species are known as "plant destroyers" capable of initiating single zoospore infection in the presence of a quorum of chemical signals from the same or closely related species of oomycetes. Since the natural oomycete population is too low to reach a quorum necessary to initiate a disease epidemic, creation of the quorum is reliant on alternate sources. Here, we show that a soil ba...

Proteins containing both FYVE and serine/threonine kinase catalytic (STKc) domains are exclusive to protists. However, the biological function of these proteins in oomycetes has rarely been reported. In Phytophthora sojae genome database, we identified five STKc domains, which named PsZFPK1, PsZFPK2, PsZFPK3, PsZFPK4, PsZFPK5. this study, characterized PsZFPK1 using a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene ...

The cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) represent a large and important enzyme superfamily in plants. They catalyze numerous monooxygenation/hydroxylation reactions in biochemical pathways, P450s are involved in a variety of metabolic pathways and participate in the homeostasis of phytohormones. The CYP82 family genes specifically reside in dicots and are usually induced by distinct environm...

Glycoprotein Biosynthesis, Race Specific Determinants, Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea, Lipid-Intermediates, Tunicamycin, Diumycin Extracellular glycoproteins have been claimed to represent the specificity determinants within different races o f Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea (formerly P. m. var. sojae) specifically infective in different soybean cultivars. Microsomal preparati...