It is 12 years since Krehl and coworkers (1, 2) reported that the growth of young rats fed on low protein diets deficient in niacin and tryptophan was retarded when a tryptophan-deficient protein supplement such as gelatin or zein was added to the diet, and that the growth retardation was prevented if additional tryptophan was provided. In the interval, amino acid imbalances involving practical...

Ageing is a complex process that in muscle is usually associated with a decrease in mass, strength, and velocity of contraction. One of the most striking effects of ageing on muscle is known as sarcopenia. This inevitable biological process is characterized by a general decline in the physiological and biochemical functions of the major systems. At the cellular level, aging is caused by a progr...

Aging is an inevitable biological process that is characterized by a general decline in the physiological and biochemical functions of the major systems. In the case of the neuromuscular system, reductions in strength and mobility cause a deterioration in motor performance, impaired mobility and disability. At the cellular level, aging is caused by a progressive decline in mitochondrial functio...

Ventricular arrhythmia is a well-known cause of syncopal attacks and sudden cardiac death in humans. Ventricular repolarization (VR) is the most unstable phase in cardiac electrical activity and its regulation depends on the coordinated activity in multiple ion channels. Several physiological factors such as heart rate (HR), autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, gender and age influence the ...

Considerable information concerning the effects of amino acid imbalance has accumulated (l-6), and some of the salient features of this phenomenon have been discussed in a recent review (7). Although efforts are being made (8-15) to explain the underlying mechanism, the physiological or metabolic changes associated with the induction of an amino acid imbalance arc still unknown. Recently, Deshp...

The last three decades have witnessed a tremendous increase in female sports participation at all levels. However, increased sports participation of female athletes has also increased the incidence of sport-related injuries, which can be either acute trauma or overuse injuries. Overuse injuries may be defined as an imbalance caused by overly intensive training and inadequate recovery, which sub...

The blood-brain barrier (BBB), the blood-retinal barrier (BRB), and the blood-nerve barrier (BNB) may have similarities in systemic chronic inflammation, as seen in a variety of diseases. A disturbance of the barriers lead to a disruption of the cells coupled with gap junctions in syncytium. The network coupling may be principal to understand the homeostatic imbalance in systemic inflammation. ...

Recurrent bacterial vaginosis is a challenge for those affected by it, and their physicians. Our inability to prevent relapse after treatment, may be because of the flawed approach of using antibiotics to treat a condition that is an imbalance rather than an infection. The maintenance of a healthy lactobacillus population offers an approach to preventing relapse: the problem is how best to do t...