some legal systems such as the french system have provided some special forms for the contracts concerning the exploitation of the literary and artistic rights and also they have specified the rules and obligations concerning these contracts. the publication contract is of particular importance among other contracts. in the iranian legal system, in spite of the recognition of literary and artis...

law department, ferdowsi university of mashhad the importance of the exploitation contracts protecting the literary and artistic rights has, in some legal systems like france, resulted in the devising of general and common regulations about the formation of the above-mentioned contracts. however, so far no independent section has been thought of in the iranian legal system for explicating commo...

mustafa lutfi el-manfaluti is one of the literary men whose writing method was effective on literary change of the previous generation. he was born in egypt. he was interested in reading literary books; that’s why he had completed the science by mohammad abdoh. he had translated many stories and articles and had applied some french stories in his writings. his books are the most eloquent arabic...

different schools have arisen recently in the field of literary criticism and literary  critics, and his many comments on the cash basis of these schools have provided among the trends in cash, cash structuralism (structuralism) in literature and linguistics, the prague school formalism and its genesis dates back nyvfrmalysm. structuralist critique of the way in which the cash component phenome...

In the 1980s it was still possible to defend proudly and with impunity the traditional definition of plagiarism and the commonsensical delineation of scholarly standards and responsibilities. Take, for example, Peter Shaw’s 1982 essay on “Plagiary” in The American Scholar. His contentions and conclusions were simple and straightforward: that a plagiarist remains as Lord Chesterfield described h...

Literary studies and the cognitive sciences, pursuing common interests in language, mental acts, and linguistic artifacts, have developed markedly different approaches to similar phenomena of reading, imaginative involvement, and textual patterning. Until quite recently, the distance between them has drawn more attention than their possible convergence (Franchi and Güzeldere ). A number of ...

In conclusion, we should like to add two admonitions. First, criticism is an art, not the raw tables or summaries of scholarship. The scholarship is a necessary prerequisite, and the formal reports, the compilations of the learned monograph, are essential to criticism. We have too much of unimaginative word counting, the pedestrian assemblage of arguments, the methodical and generalized comment...