abstract in this study, the extraction of carotenoids from a new strain of yeast (sporobolomyces ruberrimus h110) by different chemical and physical methods was investigated. for chemical pretreatment methods, hcl at two different concentrations (0.2 and 0.5 n) and two different temperatures (55 and 75c), and dmso solvent (also at two different temperatures, 55 and 75c) were used. sonication an...

It is well known that the viscosity of a liquid is a measure of its resistance to shear. Upon the introduction of small solid objects into a viscous medium, the internal motion of the liquid when caused to flow is made more complicated than it would be otherwise and the resistance to shear is thereby increased. Einstein (4) has derived the following formula relating the viscosity of a suspensio...

peroxyoxalate system includes an oxalate ester, peroxide and a fluorescer, the energy resulted from the reaction of oxalate ester and peroxide is transferred to fluorescer and cause it to fluorsc. the effect of reactants chemical structure, their concentration, solvent media (polarity and viscosity) and the temperature, on the intensity of the illuminated light with respect to time have been st...

Homogenizers are commonly used to produce oil-in-water emulsions that consist of emulsifier-coated oil droplets suspended within an aqueous phase. The functional attributes of emulsions are usually controlled by selecting appropriate ingredients (e.g., surfactants, co-surfactants, oils, solvents, and co-solvents) and processing conditions (e.g., homogenizer type and operating conditions). Howev...