Canonically, the quantum electrodynamic radiative corrections in bound systems have been evaluated in photon energy regularization, i.e. using a noncovariant overlapping parameter that separates the high-energy relativistic scales of the virtual quanta from the nonrelativistic domain. Here, we calculate the higher-order corrections to the one-photon self-energy calculation with three different ...

Using the effective Lagrangian for the low energy photon-photon interaction the lowest order photon self energy at finite temperature and in nonequilibrium is calculated within the real time formalism. The Debye mass, the dispersion relation, the dielectric tensor, and the velocity of light following from the photon self energy are discussed. As an application we consider the interaction of pho...

The Photon Collider option of a Linear Collider (LC) is based on laser photon back-scattering on high energy electrons. The maximum photon energy is 205 GeV for a laser with λ = 1.06μm and an electron beam energy of 250 GeV. A high degree of polarisation with opposite helicities of the electron and the laser photon is crucial for obtaining a peaked spectrum of high energy polarised photons clos...

It has been argued that cellphones are safe because a single microwave photon does not have enough energy to break a chemical bond. We show that cellphone technology operates in the classical wave limit, not the single photon limit. Based on energy densities relative to thermal energy, we estimate thresholds at which effects could be possible. These seem to correspond somewhat with many experim...

In optical materials energy is usually extracted only from the lowest excited state, resulting in fundamental energy-efficiency limits such as the Shockley-Queisser limit for single-junction solar cells. Photon-cutting materials provide a way around such limits by absorbing high-energy photons and 'cutting' them into multiple low-energy excitations that can subsequently be extracted. The occurr...