Social pollinators such as honey bees face attacks from predators not only at the nest, but also during foraging. Pollinating honey bees can therefore release alarm pheromones that deter conspecifics from visiting dangerous inflorescences. However, the effect of alarm pheromone and its chemical components upon bee avoidance of dangerous food sources remains unclear. We tested the responses of g...

Coffee white stem borer, Xylotrechus quadripes is a serious insect pest of coffee across the world. Pheromone traps baited with male produced 2-hydroxy- 3-decanone (2H3D) attracted females, and also males. Interestingly, pair males females in cage more beetles compared to 2H3D traps. We hypothesized volatiles emitted from are perceived by Volatiles were collected through air entrainment method ...

The functions of the two synergistic pheromone components, (4s)-cis-verbenol (cV) and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-01 (MB), and the role of ipsdienol in the attraction of Ips typographus (L.) (Scolytidae) to pheromone sources were studied in the field. Absolute and relative beetle catches were compared between several traps placed at and nearby a central pheromone source: a pipe trap containing the sourc...

Two field experiments were conducted to evaluate synthetic attractants derived from pepper flowers, flower buds and fruits, alone or in combination with the aggregation pheromone. The evaluation was carried out release recapture of Anthonomus eugenii adults at different distances four cardinal points separate trials. volatility mixture pheromone determined by gas chromatographic analysis volati...

The MUPs (major urinary proteins) of the house mouse, Mus domesticus, are lipocalins that bind and slowly release male-specific pheromones in deposited scent marks. However, females also express these proteins, consistent with a second role in encoding individual signatures in scent marks. We have purified and characterized an atypical MUP from the urine of male C57BL/6J inbred mice, which is r...

Geranyl diphosphate synthase (GPPS) catalyzes the condensation of dimethylallyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate to form geranyl diphosphate. Geranyl diphosphate is the precursor of monoterpenes, a large family of natural occurring C(10) compounds predominantly found in plants. Similar to plants but unique to animals, some bark beetle genera (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) produce monoterpenes ...

We identified a four-component sex pheromone blend that is as attractive or more attractive to male navel orangeworm moths, Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), than either unmated females or hexane extracts of pheromone glands of females. The blend consisted of (11Z,13Z)-hexadecadienal; (11Z,13Z)-hexadecadien-1-ol; (11Z,13E)-hexadecadien-1-ol; and a hydrocarbon, (3Z,6Z,9Z,12...

Electroantennogram (EAG) responses of male obliquebanded leafrollers, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), to the main component of its pheromone blend and traces of geometric isomer ((Z)11-14:Ac and (E)11-14:Ac, respectively) were recorded before and after 1 h of continuous exposure to pheromone in laboratory experiments, and 24h of exposure under field conditions. Concentrations of pheromone ran...

High dose aerosol emitters of pheromone, “puffers”, have been used successfully for over 15 years for control of codling moth in pears, and more recently have emerged as the leading mating disruption strategy in walnuts. While their efficacy is well documented, the mechanisms by which they operate are still not properly understood. Understanding how this type of dispenser works may provide oppo...