To assess nickel-induced toxicity in plants, Zea mays seeds were germinated and cultured on nutrient solution with nickel concentrations of 50-200 μM for a period of two weeks. Observed biological makers included biomass, soluble and total protein contents, and the activities of guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in the l...

Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) is the first enzyme in phenylpropanoid pathway and plays a critical role plant growth, development stress defence. However, there have been few reports of PAL gene family lucerne (also known as alfalfa, Medicago sativa L.), one most important forage legume species worldwide. In this study, we report that encoded by seven genes: MsPAL1–MsPAL7. Furthermore, compr...

Abiotic stress, like heat treatment and wounding, applied to pineapple by-products induce the accumulation of new compounds add value. In this work effect individual or combined application wounding stresses on total phenolic content, antioxidant activity through complementary methods (DPPH, FRAP, ABTS) enzymatic (bromelain, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) polyphenol oxidase) were evaluated. ...

Signal transduction via phospholipids is mediated by phospholipases such as phospholipase C (PLC) and D (PLD), which catalyze hydrolysis of plasma membrane structural phospholipids. Phospholipid signaling is also involved in plant responses to phytohormones such as salicylic acid (SA). The relationships between phospholipid signaling, SA, and secondary metabolism are not fully understood. Using...

Salicylic acid (SA) is an elicitor to induce the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in plant cells. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays an important role as a key signaling molecule in response to various stimuli and is involved in the accumulation of secondary metabolites. However, the relationship between them is unclear and their synergetic functions on accumulation of secondary metabolites ar...

To reveal the mechanism of resistance of pear against ring rot induced by SA, the influence of SA treatment on disease severity and plant defense enzymes were studied with Pyrus bretschneideri cv. Yali and Physalospora piricola Nose as the materials. It is interesting to note that the resistance of pear to P. piricola could be greatly increased by the treatment of 0.2 mM SA. In the present stud...

Buckwheat genus (Fagopyrum Mill.) is one of the aluminium tolerant taxonomic units of plants. The aim of the study was an evaluation of the aluminium (50 μM effect on phenolic accumulation in various parts of buckwheat plants (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench). Detection of increasing of total phenolic content, changes in flavonoid and anthocyanin content and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity (PA...

We analyzed the developmental regulation and the activation by wounding of several stress-related genes in various parsley organs. The genes encode phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL), two enzymes of general phenylpropanoid metabolism; a flavonoid specific enzyme, chalcone synthase (CHS); a furanocoumarin specific enzyme, bergaptol O-methyltransferase (BMT); and a...

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species and/or phosphorus addition in the soil can affect secondary metabolism production and growth plants. This study evaluated these effects on Piper divaricatum culture, which presents an essential oil rich phenylpropanoids. Growth parameters, leaf volatile composition, total phenolic content, enzymatic activity of lipoxygenase (LOX) phenylalanine ammonia-...

Stored cut lettuce gradually turns brown on the cut section after several days of storage, because cutting induces phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity, the biosynthesis of polyphenol is promoted, and the polyphenols are oxidized by polyphenol oxidase. Here, the effect of heat shock treatment at 50 degrees C for 90 s on the quality of cut lettuce during cold storage was examined. The heat...