background and objectives: nowadays herbicide reduction and different approaches leading to this goal like split application have been brought to attention. at split application, recommended or reduced doses divided in such a way which half of dose applied at one growth stage and the other half will use at next growth stage and finally all used doses are equal to recommended or any other reduce...

Using crops to control invasive weeds is an important approach for the long-term management of species in agroecosystems. Nitrogen application can improve yield and quality crops, but may shift interactions potentially affecting grass ability. To explore a crop its efficacy weed under different nitrogen conditions, we studied competitive effects high-value rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) on growth...

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season (2020-21) at AICRP on Wheat, College of Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur (MP), India, to study the effect pinoxaden weeds and yield wheat. The laid out in a randomized block design with seven treatments replicated thrice. Treatments included applying different doses 40, 45, 90 g a.i. ha-1, clodinafop propargyl su...

It is often assumed that planted wastewater treatment systems outperform unplanted ones, mainly because plants stimulate belowground microbial population. Yet, fundamental interactions between plants and associated microorganisms remain only partly understood. The aim of our project was to evaluate microbial density and activity associated to the rhizosphere of three plant species. Experimental...

A new smut fungus, Urocystis phalaridis, is described on Phalaris sp. (Poaceae) from Iran.

This research investigated the ability of on-farm pretreatments with acid, alkali, ozone or novel enzymes to improve enzymatic degradability of cellulose and hemicelluloses in biomass at the biorefinery. Two perennial grasses, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), were direct-cut harvested, pretreated, and stored anaerobically for 30 d. Pretreated and un...