IEM101, a Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor Ogawa strain naturally deficient in CTXPhi, was previously selected as a live cholera vaccine candidate. To make a better and safer vaccine that can induce protective immunity against both the bacteria and cholera toxin (CT), a new vaccine candidate, IEM108, was constructed by introducing a ctxB gene and an El Tor-derived rstR gene into IEM101. The ctxB gene ...

The surge in mortality and morbidity rates caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria prompted a renewal of interest bacteriophages (phages) as clinical therapeutics natural biocontrol agents. Nevertheless, phages are continually under the pressure evolutionary phage–host arms race for survival, which is mediated co-evolving resistance mechanisms. In Anderson phage typing scheme Salmonella Ty...

Objective(s): Bacteriophages are infectious replicating entities that are under consideration as antimicrobial bioagents to control bacterial infections. As an alternative or supplement to antibiotics, bacteriophages can be used to circumvent the resistance to existing antibiotics. The aim of this study was to assess the synergistic effect of a naturally isolated phage...

Human aspartyl (asparaginyl) b-hydroxylase (HAAH) is over-expressed on the surface of cancer cells. It is an embryonic protein that is demonstrated to be responsible for cancer etiology: cell proliferation, motility and invasiveness. When normal cells are transfected to over-express HAAH they behave as transformed and when HAAH is neutralized or its expression is inhibited, cancer cells regain ...

background: the autoimmune disease known as idiopathic (immune thrombocytopenic purpura thrombocytopenic purpura (itp) is clinically defined by a low numbers of platelets in the circulation blood. this study aimed to isolate autoantibodies made against the platelet glycoproteins using platelets from healthy volunteers, to determine their specificity and further elucidate their effects on platel...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a difficult to treat tumor with a poor prognosis. Aspartate β-hydroxylase (ASPH) is a highly conserved enzyme overexpressed on the cell surface of both murine and human HCC cells. METHODS We evaluated therapeutic effects of nanoparticle lambda (λ) phage vaccine constructs against ASPH expressing murine liver tumors. Mice were immunized bef...

Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection that is associated with fever in humans and abortion in animals. The agent of this disease is a facultative intracellular gram-negative coccobacillus called Brucella. There are six classic species, including B. abortus, B. melitensis, B. suis, B. canis, B. neotomae, and B. ovis.  In recent years, four new species have been reported,...

The humoral immune system in higher vertebrates is unique in its ability to generate highly diverse antibody responses against most pathogens as well as against certain malignancies. Several technologies have been developed to exploit this vast source of potentially therapeutic antibodies, including hybridoma technology, phage display and yeast display. Here, we present a novel, high-throughput...

The complex hide-and-seek game between HIV-1 and the host immune system has impaired the development of an efficient vaccine. In addition, the high variability of the virus impedes the long-term control of viral replication by small antiviral drugs. For more than 20 years, phage display technology has been intensively used in the field of HIV-1 to explore the epitope landscape recognized by mon...