Objectives: This study aimed to investigate dentinal crack rate following parapulpal pin insertion in anterior primary teeth. Methods: Thirteen sound freshly extracted primary canine teeth were horizontally sectioned 1 mm above the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). All samples were thoroughly inspected to ensure that the teeth had no cracks. The teeth were then mounted in acrylic blocks...

In a new approach, we have fabricated 6:1 aspect ratio magnetic nanocolumns, 60–250 nm in diameter, embedded in a hard aluminum-oxide/gallium-arsenide (Al2O3 /GaAs) substrate. The fabrication technique uses the highly selective etching properties of GaAs and AlAs, and highly efficient masking properties of Al2O3 to create small diameter, high aspect ratio holes. Nickel ~Ni! is subsequently elec...

The onset of chemical order L10 phase and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in FePd 001 thin films sputtered on MgO 001 at temperatures from room temperature to 700 °C and thickness between 1.4 and 22 nm are investigated. It is found that the formation of the FePd ordered phase exhibiting high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy L10 phase with the c axis in the growth direction is affected by a t...

The time- and orientation-dependence of metabolite diffusion in giant muscle fibers of the lobster Panulirus argus was examined using (31)P- and (1)H-pulsed-field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance. The (31)P resonance for arginine phosphate and the (1)H resonances for betaine, arginine/arginine phosphate and -CH(2)/-CH groups were suitable for measurement of the apparent diffusion coefficient...

Abstract In this paper the magnetostatic energy in a ferromagnetic thin film with two imperfect, rough surfaces has been calculated. It has been shown that the surface roughness gives in some cases a considerable contribution to an effective perpendicular anisotropy. Within the model assumed it has been proved that the value of magnetostatic energy and, as a consequence, the anisotropy in a thi...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the normal range of the main pulmonary artery diameter (MPAD) by computed tomography (CT) in persons with normal pulmonary artery pressure, and then to evaluate the relationship of the diameter with age, gender, and body surface area (BSA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Between October 2005 and June 2007, among patients who had previously undergone a...

An oriented equator of [Formula: see text] is the image an embedding such that it divides into two equal area halves. Following Chekanov, we define Hofer distance between equators as infimal norm a Hamiltonian diffeomorphism taking one to another. Consider space equators. We girth infimum diameter text], where homotopic text]. There natural sending point on sphere positively great circle perpen...

Influence of mass, energy and dose of bombarding ions are considered. The trends are: 1) a better c axis orientation; 2) a progressive disappearance of the transition layer and 3) a way of controlling the saturation magnetization M, and the perpendicular coercive field Hcl.

Calculations of the magnetic fields emanating from a recorded surface that contains an infinite number of identical tracks are presented. The solutions are obtained by assuming that the magnetization is uniform through the thickness of the film and can be represented by Fourier series in the other two dimensions. Solutions are obtained for both longitudinal and vertical recording. To make these...

The storage capacity of hard disk drives has increased tremendously over the last decade. However, the rate of increase has reached a bottle-neck as the technology approaches a theoretical limit known as the super-paramagnetic limit. Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording (HAMR) has emerged as one of the important technologies to overcome this limit. The process of heating while writing brings about ...