PURPOSE Measuring oxygen levels in three different systems of Caco-2 cell culture. METHODS Caco-2 cells were cultured in three different systems, using conventional polystyrene 24-well plates, special 24-well gas permeable plates, or on membrane inserts in conventional plates. Optical sensor spots were used to measure dissolved O2 levels in these cultured cells over the course of 6 days under...

The design freedom brought by additive manufacturing (AM) can be leveraged in the of microchannel heat sinks to improve their cooling performance. permeable membrane (PMM) sink geometry was inspired ability powder bed AM processes fabricate partially porous metal parts having small internal flow features on order size. routes coolant through a parallel array thin membranes arranged single-layer...

Abstract We consider the problem of dynamic optimal transport with a density constraint. derive variational limits in terms $$\Gamma $$ Γ -convergence for two singular phenomena. First, densities constrained near hyperplane we recover flow through an infinitesimal permeable membrane. Second, rapidly oscillati...

Long-term potentiation (LTP) at hippocampal synapses is thought to involve the insertion of AMPA receptors into the postsynaptic membrane. Conflicting evidence exists as to whether calcium-permeable receptors are inserted during LTP and whether synaptic activity mediated by the newly inserted AMPA receptors is required to maintain the increase in synaptic strength. Here, we rigorously test thes...

The roles of cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels in sensory transduction have long been recognized. More recent studies found that CNG channels are distributed in multiple brain regions involved in memory and learning, including the cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum. These findings suggest that their functions are not limited to sensory perception, but also to neuronal plasticity phenomena,...