RATIONALE We report on a patient with hypersomnia who showed injury of the lower ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) following cerebellar herniation due to a cerebellar infarct, detected on diffusion tensor tractography (DTT). PATIENT CONCERNS A 53-year-old male patient was diagnosed as a left cerebellar infarct, and underwent decompressive suboccipital craniectomy due to brain edema...

A. Tisell, M. Engström, O. D. Leinhard, T. Karlsson, P. Vigren, A. Landtblom, and P. Lundberg Department of medical and health sciences, Division of radiological sciences, University of Linkoping, Linköping, Sweden, Center for Medical Image science and Visualization (CMIV), University of Linkoping, Linkoping, Sweden, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, University of Linkoping, Link...

ACCORDING TO THE DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS, FOURTH EDITION (DSM-IV), INDIVIDUALS MUST HAVE AT LEAST 5 OF 9 criterion depressive symptoms for a major depressive episode, and sleep disturbance is 1 of the 9 symptoms. Although sleep disturbance is not a necessary symptom for the diagnosis of major depressive episode, research has shown that up to 90% of depressed adults...

Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS) is a rare disorder with symptoms that include periodic hypersomnia, cognitive and behavioural disturbances. Large series of patients are lacking. In order to report on various KLS symptoms, identify risk factors and analyse treatment response, we performed a systematic review of 195 articles, written in English and non-English languages, which are available on Medlin...

The characteristics of residual excessive sleepiness (RES), defined by an Epworth score >10 in adequately treated apnoeic patients, are unknown. 40 apnoeic patients, with (n = 20) and without (n = 20) RES, and 20 healthy controls underwent clinical interviews, cognitive and biological tests, polysomnography, a multiple sleep latency test, and 24-h sleep monitoring. The marked subjective sleepin...

Six days after the onset of influenza B symptoms, a 14-year-old Japanese boy presented with encephalopathy-like symptoms, somnolence, irritability, and childishness, which we first considered was an atypical type of influenza-associated encephalopathy because the infection symptoms disappeared by day 4. His encephalopathy-like symptoms gradually improved, although he had repetitive hypersomnia ...

Individuals with bulimia nervosa (BN) have a very high lifetime prevalence of major depression (Hatsukami et al 1984; Hudson et al 1987), an important consideration when interpreting biological studies in BN. Another potential issue is that many BN patients experience "reversed symptoms" such as hypersomnia and hyperphagia when depressed (Lam et al 1991); to date, there is a dearth of research ...