In addition to momilactone, phytocassanes A through E (diterpene phytoalexins) were detected in rice leaves in fields suffering from rice blast. Furthermore, phytocassane accumulation was most abundant at the edges of necrotic lesions, indicating that the phytoalexins prevent subsequent spread of the fungus from the infected site. In pot experiments the pattern of phytocassane accumulation in r...

tolerance of two apple rootstocks (gami and m26) was evaluated at different concentrations of sodium chloride in vitro conditions. micro plants grown under ms medium culture were transferred to knoudson–c culture medium devoid of na and cl ions. concentrations of nacl in the knoudson-c culture medium were 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mm/l. six weeks after culturing, data were collected. the result...

The cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells is usually tested by radioactive assay CSI Cr release assay), which detects the release of cytoplasmic contents after plasma membrane disintegration of dying cells. In contrast to this indirect evaluation of cytotoxicity, the assessment of cell damage by flow cytometry aims to provide a more exact characterization of the death pathway via detec...

peanut plants showing mottling, yellow and necrotic spots on leaves were collected from peanut fields in golestan province. electron microscopic studies revealed the presence of flexuous filamentous particles ca. 700 nm in length, which was suggestive of a potyvirus infection. healthy nicotiana benthamiana plants mechanically inoculated with sap from infected peanut plants showed mottling, down...

Larvicidal effect of Azadirachta indica on mosquitoes has been studied in the present work. The water extracts of air dried leaves and fresh leaves separately have been used for the study. Different concentrations were made of all these extracts and twenty second instar larvae of Culex pipiens fatigans were placed in each concentration separately. Control was set up for each experiment. Mortali...

Corn residues (cobs, leaves and stalks) are abundantly available renewable materials that can be used as an energy source in gasification and combustion systems. Proper understanding of the physical properties of these materials is necessary for their use in thermochemical conversion processes. The physical properties (moisture content, particle size, bulk density and porosity) of corn cobs, le...