Achieving a desirable percutaneous absorption of drug molecule is a major concern in formulating dermal and transdermal products. The use of penetration enhancers could provide a successful mean for this purpose. The aim of this study was to develop Clotrimazole gel and to evaluate the effect of almond oil and tween 80 (in different concentrations), on the permeation of drug through rabbit skin...

Terpenes and terpenoids have been used as enhancers in transdermal formulations for facilitating penetration of drugs into human skin. Knowledge of the correlation between the human skin penetration effect (HSPE) and the physicochemical properties of these enhancers is important for facilitating the discovery and development of more enhancers. In this work, the HSPE of 49 terpenes and terpenoid...

Naproxen sodium is a non steroidal antiinflammatory drug, used in the treatment of inflammatory and degenerative disorders of the musculoskeletal system. It is widely prescribed for the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, gout, extra-articular disorders, bursitis, tendonitis, and non articular rheumatic condition. Naproxen sodium has some side effects when...

Purpose: To develop an ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) matrix system containing a permeation enhancer for enhanced transdermal delivery of torasemide. Methods: The solubility of torasemide was studied at various volume fraction of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400. The effect of drug concentration was tested at 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 %, respectively while the effect of temperature on drug release from drug-...

In the present study a new alcohol derivative of tetrahydrogeraniol (THG), an acyclic monoterpene, has been prepared by using Grignard reagent and methyl cyclopropyl ketone. Penetration enhancing effects of THG and the synthesized derivative 5,9-dimethyl-2-cyclopropyl-2-decanol (DICNOL) on the transdermal penetration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and tramadol hydrochloride (tramadol HCl) across the ...

The greatest hindrance for transdermal drug delivery (TDD) is the barrier property of skin, especially the stratum corneum (SC). Various methodologies have been investigated and developed to enhance the penetration of drugs through the skin. Among them, the most popular approach is the application of penetration enhancers (PEs), including natural terpenes, a very safe and effective class of PEs...

Abstact: Historically, the skin was thought to be a simple homogenous barrier. However, it is now known to be a highly specialised organ, and plays a key role in homeostasis. The protective properties of the skin are provided by the outermost layer, the epidermis, which safeguards against chemical, microbial, and physical attack. The exceptional barrier properties of the skin result in it being...